Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards regression -- Breslow method for ties
| 2.1 Outcome: time to symptom resolution | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | |||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Univariate Cox regression | ||||||
| Affective domain | ||||||
| No affective | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Co-occur affective | 0.53 | 0.42-0.66 | <0.001 | 0.58* | 0.48-0.70 | <0.001 |
| Only nervous-anxious | 0.63 | 0.39-1.01 | 0.39 | 0.87 | 0.59-1.30 | 0.50 |
| No nervous-anxious | 0.63 | 0.50-0.78 | <0.001 | 0.78* | 0.66-0.93 | 0.01 |
| Symptom prevalence (18) | 0.93 | 0.91-0.95 | <0.001 | 0.93* | 0.92-0.95 | <0.001 |
| Concussion history (1+) | 0.76 | 0.64-0.91 | <0.01 | 0.84 | 0.73-0.96 | 0.01 |
| Cox multiple regression | ||||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Affective domain | * | |||||
| No affective | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Co-occur affective | 0.70 | 0.54-0.91 | <0.01 | 0.79 | 0.64-0.98 | 0.03 |
| Only nervous-anxious | 0.64 | 0.40-1.04 | 0.07 | 0.93 | 0.62-1.38 | 0.71 |
| No nervous-anxious | 0.74 | 0.59-0.92 | <0.01 | 0.95 | 0.79-1.14 | 0.62 |
| Symptom prevalence (18) | 0.94 | 0.92-0.96 | <0.001 | 0.94* | 0.92-0.96 | <0.001 |
| Concussion history (1+) | 0.73 | 0.61-0.87 | 0.001 | 0.83 | 0.73-0.96 | 0.01 |
| 2.2 Outcome: time to return to full play | ||||||
| Women | Men | |||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Univariate Cox regression | ||||||
| Affective domain | ||||||
| No affective | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Co-occur affective | 0.46 | 0.36-0.59 | <0.001 | 0.68 | 0.55-0.83 | <0.001 |
| Only nervous-anxious | 0.72 | 0.40-1.28 | 0.26 | 0.91 | 0.60-1.39 | 0.67 |
| No nervous-anxious | 0.64 | 0.51-0.80 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.71-1.03 | 0.10 |
| Symptom prevalence (18) | 0.94* | 0.92-0.96 | <0.001 | 0.95* | 0.93-0.96 | <0.001 |
| Concussion history (1+) | 0.89 | 0.74-1.07 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0.75-1.01 | 0.07 |
| Cox multiple regression | ||||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Affective domain | ||||||
| No affective | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Co-occur affective | 0.54 | 0.41-0.71 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.68-1.11 | 0.27 |
| Only nervous-anxious | 0.72 | 0.40-1.29 | 0.27 | 1.02 | 0.66-1.55 | 0.94 |
| No nervous-anxious | 0.71 | 0.55-0.91 | <0.01 | 0.99 | 0.82-1.21 | 0.95 |
| Symptom prevalence (18) | 0.97 | 0.94-0.99 | <0.01 | 0.95* | 0.93-0.97 | <0.001 |
| Concussion history (1+) | 0.85 | 0.71-1.03 | 0.09 | 0.87 | 0.75-1.01 | 0.07 |
| 2.3 Outcome: days in RTP progression | ||||||
| Women | Men | |||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Univariate Cox regression | ||||||
| Affective domain | ||||||
| No affective | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Co-occur affective | 0.63* | 0.50-0.80 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.74-1.12 | 0.38 |
| Only nervous-anxious | 0.59 | 0.34-1.01 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.65-1.53 | 0.99 |
| No nervous-anxious | 0.85 | 0.67-1.07 | 0.16 | 0.97 | 0.80-1.16 | 0.72 |
| Symptom prevalence (18) | 0.97 | 0.95-0.99 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.97-1.01 | 0.31 |
| Concussion history (1+) | 0.87 | 0.72-1.04 | 0.13 | 0.86 | 0.74-1.00 | 0.06 |
| Cox multiple regression | ||||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Affective domain | ||||||
| No affective | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Co-occur affective | 0.65 | 0.49-0.84 | 0.001 | 0.93 | 0.73-1.19 | 0.57 |
| Only nervous-anxious | 0.61 | 0.35-1.06 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.65-1.55 | 0.99 |
| No nervous-anxious | 0.86 | 0.67-1.10 | 0.22 | 0.99 | 0.82-1.21 | 0.95 |
| Symptom prevalence (18) | 0.99 | 0.97-1.02 | 0.63 | 0.99 | 0.97-1.01 | 0.61 |
| Concussion history (1+) | 0.85 | 0.71-1.02 | 0.09 | 0.87 | 0.74-1.01 | 0.06 |
Abbreviation: CI=confidence interval; HR=hazard ratio
*
Did not meet proportional-hazards assumption