Fig. 2.

Relative postprandial mRNA expression of insulin receptor (A), LDL-R (B), eNOS (C) and SIRT1 (D) in response to 24-h incubation of human aortic endothelial cells with plasma samples isolated from a subset of participants who were exposed to sequential high-fat mixed-meal challenges (breakfast at 0 min and lunch at 330 min) representative of the FA-modified and conventional (control) dairy diets following each 12-week dietary intervention. The real-time PCR was performed in duplicate. Values are untransformed and unadjusted means ± SEMs normalized for beta-actin and then calculated relative to the fasting timepoint on each visit (n = 11), which are arbitrarily set as 1. Linear mixed-model analysis was used to explore the effects of treatment and time, with an adjustment made in all cases for fixed—(period, time, treatment, sex, age, and BMI) and random—(participant) effect covariates. P < 0.05 was deemed significant. eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, FA fatty acid, LDL-R LDL-receptor, SIRT1 sirtuin 1