Table 3.
Essential amino acid differences across healthy cats and cats with early-stage versus late-stage chronic kidney disease.
| Amino acid | Early-stage CKD (Stages 1 and 2) versus healthy | Late-stage CKD (Stages 3 and 4) versus healthy | Early-stage (Stages 1 and 2) versus late-stage CKD (Stages 3 and 4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arginine | ↓ 0.96 (0.0062) | ↓ 0.92 (< 1.00E−6) | ↑ 1.04 (0.018) |
| Histidine | ↓ 0.94 (0.010) | ↓ 0.85 (< 1.00E−6) | ↑ 1.11 (0.010) |
| Isoleucine | 0.98 (0.38) | ↓ 0.92 (0.00015) | ↑ 1.06 (0.0037) |
| Leucine | 0.91 (0.25) | ↓ 0.91 (0.000021) | ↑ 1.07 (0.0021) |
| Lysine | 0.99 (0.47) | ↓ 0.89 (0.000053) | ↑ 1.10 (0.011) |
| Methionine | 0.91 (0.36) | ↓ 0.91 (0.00033) | ↑ 1.07 (0.0071) |
| Phenylalanine | ↓ 0.97 (0.0091) | ↓ 0.92 (< 1.00E−6) | ↑ 1.04 (0.011) |
| Taurine | 1.02 (0.36) | 0.98 (0.50) | 1.01 (0.50) |
| Threonine | ↓ 0.94 (0.0034) | ↓ 0.87 (< 1.00E−6) | ↑ 1.08 (0.015) |
| Tryptophan | ↓ 0.96 (0.011) | ↓ 0.89 (< 1.00E6) | ↑ 1.07 (0.010) |
| Valine | 0.91 (0.24) | ↓ 0.91 (0.000057) | ↑ 1.08 (0.0044) |
For each comparison, numbers indicate the fold difference when comparing each group of cats, where fold differences were calculated by dividing the first group by the second group. Fold differences and statistical significances are based on Kruskal–Wallis testing of median-scaled log-transformed metabolite abundances, and significance was defined as p < 0.05 following Benjamini–Hochberg posthoc analysis. Italic numbers in parentheses represent the p-value for this test. Bold with ↑ indicates that the amino acid metabolite was significantly increased in the first group relative to the second group.
CKD chronic kidney disease.