Fig. 2.

OSM stimulates RANKL expression in osteogenic cells and promotes bone destruction in periodontitis. a Chord diagram showing cytokine signaling interaction pairs in the neutrophil-osteogenic network. b Dot plot showing the expression of TNF, IL-1β, and OSM in the scRNA-seq clusters of the mouse periodontitis lesion. c qPCR analysis of Tnfsf11 transcripts in calvaria-derived primary osteoblasts treated with TNF, IL-1β, OSM or Vitamin D plus Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (n = 4). The data were obtained from duplicate experiments. d RANKL concentration measured by ELISA in the lysate of primary osteoblasts treated with or without OSM. e Dot plot showing the expression of OSM and OSMR in scRNA-seq clusters of the human periodontitis lesion. f Chord diagram showing the OSM signaling interaction pairs in the cell-cell network of the human periodontitis lesion. g Micro-CT analysis of periodontitis-induced bone loss in the control (n = 3) and Osmr^flox/flox Sp7-Cre mice (n = 5). Scale bars, 1 mm. The upper red dotted line indicates the cement–enamel junction and the lower red dotted line indicates the alveolar bone crest in the left panel. The periodontal bone loss was quantified in the right panel