Figure 5.

Effects of NPY intraperitoneal injection on the anxiety/depression-like behavior induced by E. mundtii. (a) Schematic diagram of the animal study. EM was orally administered (n = 4) once a day for 5 days, followed by NPY intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 days. The anxiety/depression-like behaviors were evaluated using elevated plus maze task (EPM) (b), tail suspension task (TST) (c), and forced swim task (FST) (d). NPY 10 = 10 μg/kg; NPY 100 = 100 μg/kg. Statistical significance was calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).