Figure 1.
(a) Simplified scheme of tPMR for the hydrogenation of an organic substrate (R) using H2 as the hydrogen source. (b) Gas-phase hydrogen permeation, where H2 dissociates at the Pd membrane surface and the resulting hydrogen atoms permeate through the membrane. (c) Simplified scheme of ePMR for the hydrogenation of an organic substrate (R) using H+ as the hydrogen source. (d) Electrochemical hydrogen permeation, where H+ sourced from water is reduced to hydrogen on one side of a palladium membrane electrode and permeates it to the other side.