Table 4.
Pathway analysis from MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/), including the most significant pathways
| Comparison | Pathway | log10(p) | P adj | FDR | Impact | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deviance from CTL | H1N1/A vs. CTL | Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis | 4.706 | 3.938E−04 | 8.204E−05 | 0.500 |
| Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism | 4.480 | 6.289E−04 | 1.182E−04 | 0.429 | ||
| Phenylalanine metabolism | 6.873 | 2.948E−06 | 8.374E−07 | 0.357 | ||
| Tryptophan metabolism | 8.069 | 2.046E−07 | 1.066E−07 | 0.342 | ||
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | 14.155 | 1.749E−13 | 1.749E−13 | 0.339 | ||
| PNA/A vs CTL | Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis | 7.432 | 8.883E−07 | 4.442E−07 | 0.500 | |
| Phenylalanine metabolism | 7.432 | 8.883E−07 | 4.442E−07 | 0.357 | ||
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | 2.186 | 8.471E−02 | 1.303E−02 | 0.246 | ||
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 2.577 | 4.502E−02 | 7.038E−03 | 0.224 | ||
| Tryptophan metabolism | 6.323 | 1.045E−05 | 3.802E−06 | 0.199 | ||
| C19/A vs CTL | Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis | 6.799 | 3.494E−06 | 3.857E−07 | 0.500 | |
| Arginine and proline metabolism | 10.693 | 6.086E−10 | 1.380E−10 | 0.372 | ||
| Arginine biosynthesis | 12.028 | 2.906E−11 | 7.969E−12 | 0.365 | ||
| Phenylalanine metabolism | 6.799 | 3.494E−06 | 3.857E−07 | 0.357 | ||
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | 16.764 | 5.857E−16 | 5.857E−16 | 0.339 | ||
| Comparison | PNA/A vs H1N1/A | Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism | 3.346 | 8.119E−03 | 1.654E−03 | 0.429 |
| Arginine and proline metabolism | 5.691 | 4.282E−05 | 2.243E−05 | 0.280 | ||
| Histidine metabolism | 2.976 | 1.479E−02 | 2.324E−03 | 0.221 | ||
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | 6.942 | 2.515E−06 | 2.515E−06 | 0.143 | ||
| Glycerophospholipid metabolism | 3.968 | 2.151E−03 | 6.052E−04 | 0.138 | ||
| C19/A vs H1N1/A | Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism | 6.748 | 4.172E−06 | 8.049E−07 | 0.429 | |
| Pyruvate metabolism | 6.497 | 6.368E−06 | 9.551E−07 | 0.207 | ||
| Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 6.760 | 4.172E−06 | 8.049E−07 | 0.169 | ||
| Lysine degradation | 2.875 | 9.325E−03 | 1.713E−03 | 0.141 | ||
| Glycerophospholipid metabolism | 5.893 | 2.177E−05 | 3.065E−06 | 0.138 | ||
| C19/A vs PNA/A | D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism | 2.963 | 8.707E−03 | 1.314E−03 | 0.500 | |
| Arginine and proline metabolism | 10.732 | 5.187E−10 | 2.686E−10 | 0.458 | ||
| Arginine biosynthesis | 8.107 | 1.796E−07 | 3.141E−08 | 0.254 | ||
| Histidine metabolism | 4.637 | 2.996E−04 | 3.932E−05 | 0.221 | ||
| Pyruvate metabolism | 5.627 | 3.744E−05 | 4.566E−06 | 0.207 | ||
| Severity | C19/A vs C19/P | Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis | 0.961 | 1.000E+00 | 1.314E−01 | 0.500 |
| Lysine degradation | 2.877 | 3.054E−02 | 1.512E−02 | 0.141 | ||
| Tyrosine metabolism | 0.961 | 1.000E+00 | 1.314E−01 | 0.140 | ||
| Glycerophospholipid metabolism | 1.474 | 4.704E−01 | 7.331E−02 | 0.112 | ||
| Tryptophan metabolism | 2.006 | 1.678E−01 | 2.960E−02 | 0.105 |
Metabolites used are only those whose score of variable importance on projection is greater than 1 in PLS-DA for comparing two groups between non-ARDS ventilated control patients admitted to ICU (CTL) and H1N1-induced ARDS admitted to ICU (H1N1/A), between CTL and bacterial pneumonia-induced ARDS patients admitted to ICU (PNA/A), between CTL and COVID-19-induced ARDS patients admitted to ICU (C19/A), between PNA/A and H1N1/A, between C19/A and H1N1/A, between C19/A and PNA/A, and between C19/A patients and COVID-19-induced non-ARDS patients admitted to hospital but not sick enough to be admitted to ICU (C19/P)