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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 28.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2023 Apr 15;332:111645. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111645

Table 2.

Pre-treatment Neural Reward Processing Patterns Correlated with Irritability Symptom Improvement

Contrast of Primary Interest Brain Regions Direction of Effects- For individuals showing irritability symptom relief, compared with individuals showing symptom maintenance or increase
Neural Activation
Reward Anticipation
Slope X Reward Condition Right ventromedial prefrontal cortex, bilateral precuneus (Figure 1, A.1) Lower activation in no-reward trials
Right inferior parietal lobule (A.1) Lower activation in reward trials
Higher activation in no-reward trials
Reward Feedback
Slope X Performance
 Left dorsomedial and ventral prefrontal cortices, left insula, left cingulate gyrus; right anterior cingulate, right medial/superior frontal gyri; bilateral caudate (A.2) Lower activation in miss (i.e., missed the target) trials
Functional Connectivity
Reward Anticipation
Slope X Reward Condition Left amygdala with right temporoparietal junction, right dorsal prefrontal cortex, bilateral precuneus (B.1) Lower connectivity in reward trials
Higher connectivity in no-reward trials
Right amygdala with right middle/superior frontal gyri (C.1) Higher connectivity in reward trials
Lower connectivity in no-reward trials
Reward Feedback
Slope X Reward Condition X Performance Left amygdala with right temporoparietal junction, right inferior and superior parietal lobule, right postcentral gyrus (B.2) Lower connectivity in miss trials when no reward was expected
Left Ventral Striatum with left temporoparietal junction, left inferior parietal lobule, left supramarginal gyrus, right cuneus, right superior parietal lobule (D.1) Lower connectivity in miss trials when no reward was expected
Right ventral striatum with bilateral precuneus, left dorsal prefrontal cortex, left superior parietal lobule/postcentral gyrus, left middle frontal/precentral gyri, left cingulate gyrus (E.1) Lower connectivity in miss trials when no reward was expected
Slope X Performance Right amygdala with left inferior parietal lobule (C.2) Lower connectivity in hit (i.e., hit the target) trials
Higher connectivity in miss trials
Right ventral striatum with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (E.1) Lower connectivity in miss trials
*

Reward anticipation and reward feedback, compared with task baseline.