Table 2. Baseline values for anthropometric, biochemical, and physiological variables of the groups of male and female participants that remain seronegative (M- and F-, respectively) and become seropositive over the course of 6 months (M+ and F+, respectively).
All variables, except cholesterol, are non-normal for at least one of the groups, and therefore are reported in standard units as Q2(Q1, Q3) (upper half of the table), where Q2 is second quartile, i.e., the median, Q1 y Q3 are first and third quartiles respectively. Non-normal data is log transformed and represented as mean (SD) (bottom half of the table), where SD is standard deviation. For completeness, cholesterol is given in both formats without log transformation. Statistically significant factors and/or interaction using 2-way ANOVA and statistically significant pairwise group comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U test are also indicated for individual variables.
| Variable | Reference range | M- | M+ | F- | F+ | Significant factors for 2-way ANOVA | Clinical criteria reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | (n = 13) | (n = 22) | (n = 29) | (n = 36) | |||
| urea (mg/dL) | 10–50 | 10–50 | 39.3(33.5,45)#,§ | 34.7(29.5, 38.3)§ | 28.2(25.55,34.55) | 28.3(22.45, 32.55) | – | [23] |
| creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8–1.5 | 0.5/1.1 | 0.93(0.83,1.05)#,§ | 0.82(0.76, 0.92)# | 0.75(0.68, 0.86) | 0.75(0.68,0.87) | – | [24] |
| uric acid (mg/dL) | <6.8 | <6.8 | 5.8(5.68,6.82)¶,#,§ | 5.55(4.6, 6.2) | 4.6(4.28, 5.53) | 4.45(4.2,5.65) | – | [25] |
| glucose (mg/dL) | 70–100 | 70–100 | 94(84,103) | 89.5(85,96) | 87(82.5,102) | 89(82.5,93.5) | – | [26] |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 18–27 | 18–27 | 27.7(26.17,29.35) | 26.1(23.15,29.39) | 27.3(24.2,29) | 26.4(23.6,28.7) | – | [27] |
| WHR | 0.78–0.94 | 0.71–0.84 | 0.95(0.91,1)¶,#,§ | 0.86(0.83, 0.91) | 0.83(0.78, 0.88) | 0.87(0.82,0.9) | – | [28] |
| temperature (°C) | 36.2–37.5 | 36.2–37.5 | 36.3(36.15,36.4) | 36.3(36,36.4) | 36.1(35.98,36.3) | 36.2(36.1,36.4) | – | [29–31] |
| MAP (mmHg) | 70–93 | 70–93 | 107.3(99.4,116.6)¶,#,§ | 96.67(85.33, 104.33) | 92.67(86.42,98.92) | 94.5(88.5, 104.5) | – | [32] |
| HR (bpm) | 65.4–83.2 | 70.9–87.3 | 73(68.75,77) | 74.5(66,83) | 75(68.75,79.25) | 74.5(69.5,81) | – | [33] |
| BR (cpm) | 12–28 | 12–28 | 15(13.75,16) | 13.5(12,17)# | 16(14,20) | 15(13,16) | – | [34] |
| cholesterol (mg/dL) | <200 | <200 | 179(162, 198) | 175 (157,205) | 193(159.3,204.3) | 182(153,206) | – | [35] |
| urea (log10 mg/dL) | – | – | 1.6(0.12) | 1.52(0.09.) | 1.47(0.126) | 1.44(0.115) | Sex, Sus. | – |
| creatinine (log10 mg/dL) | – | – | -0.03(0.064)# | -0.08(0.061) | -0.13(0.072) | -0.1(0.088) | Sex, Sus. × Sex | – |
| uric acid (log10 mg/dL) | – | – | 0.79(.084) | 0.72(0.095) | 0.68(0.08) | 0.69(0.106) | Sex | – |
| glucose (log10 mg/dL) | – | – | 1.99(0.09) | 1.95(0.047) | 1.95(0.051) | 1.95(0.056) | - | – |
| BMI (log10 kg/m2) | – | – | 1.45(0.055) | 1.42(0.078) | 1.43(0.08) | 1.42(0.064) | - | – |
| WHR (log 10 ) | – | – | -0.01(0.04) | -0.06(0.033) | -0.07(0.042) | -0.06(0.045) | Sex, Sus. × Sex | – |
| temperature (log 10 °C) | – | – | 1.56(0.002) | 1.56(0.002) | 1.56(0.003) | 1.56(0.002) | - | – |
| MAP (log10 mmHg) | – | – | 2.02(0.046)§ | 1.98(0.051) | 1.97(0.063) | 1.98(0.046) | Sex, Sus. × Sex | – |
| HR (log10 bpm) | – | – | 1.87(0.066) | 1.87(0.06) | 1.88(0.066) | 1.88(0.056) | - | – |
| BR (log10 cpm) | – | – | 1.18(0.059) | 1.16(0.09) | 1.22(0.085) | 1.18(0.094) | - | – |
| cholesterol (mg/dL) | – | – | 177.46(32.58) | 175.91(29.9) | 186.24(30.0) | 183.89(39.8) | - | – |
Abbreviations used in this table are waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), breathing rate (BR), heart rate (HR), and body mass index (BMI), standard deviation (SD), quartiles 1, 2 and 3 (Q1, Q2, Q3). Sex, Susceptibility (Sus.) and Sus. × Sex are the statistically significant factors and interaction of the 2-way ANOVA test. Significance levels of the paired Mann-Whitney U test are indicated as follows:
¶ p < 0.05 compared to M+,
# p < 0.05 compared to F-, and
§ p < 0.05 compared to F+.