Table 3. Characteristics of the included studies.
(-) *: Not mentioned; HHS: Healthy High School.
| Author, year and study location | Study setting and design | Intervention | Participants and age during intervention | Sample size | Duration of the intervention | Follow up and number of dropouts | Outcomes |
| Fonseca LG et al., (2019) [8], Brasilia, Federal district, Brazil | School, Randomized Controlled Trial | Comprehensive problem-raising approach and pictorial representations | Brazilian adolescents, Mean age (years) =14.8±1.0 | n=676 | 4 months | 0 months, n=215 | Improved knowledge and practice of healthy eating |
| Scherr RE et al., (2017) [9], California | School (Randomized Controlled Trial) | Multicomponent healthy choice program | Upper elementary School children and adolescents (9 -12 years) | n=566 | 1 year | 2 months, n=82 | Nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior, BMI |
| Efthymiou V et al., (2022) [10], Athens, Greece | School, Multi-level intervention study | Comprehensive and multicomponent lifestyle intervention | Adolescents (12-17 years) | n=1610 | 6 months | 0 months, n=590 | Diet and exercise, BMI, Waist-Circumference, Waist to Height ratio, Waist to Hip ratio |
| Leme AC et al., (2018) [11], São Paulo, Brazil | School (Randomized Controlled Trial) | Multicomponent intervention | Girl school children (15.6±0.87 years) | n=253 | 7 months | 6 months, n=109 | Height and weight, waist circumference, dietary behavior |
| Raikar K et al., (2020) [12], Delhi, India | School, Intervention study | Comprehensive nutrition education using flip chart and two way discussion | School going adolescent girls from class 9th standard (13-15 years) | n=286 | 1 day | 0 months, n=21 | Nutrition knowledge |
| Ofosu NN , et al., (2018) [13], Canada | School, Randomized Controlled trial | Kids’ Health research project | School children and adolescents (10-15 years) | n=540 | 1 year | 1 year, n=59 | Health-related knowledge, attitudes, dietary intake, activity and weight status |
| Xu H et al., (2020) [14], China | School, Randomized Controlled Trial | Comprehensive nutrition education and physical activity intervention | School children (7-13 years) | n=4846 | 1 year | 0 months, n=87 | Overall dietary diversity, dietary habits, nutrition related knowledge, BMI |
| Duus KS et al., (2022) [15], Denmark | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Healthy High School (HHS) multicomponent Intervention on lifestyle | School students (6-7 years and 15-16 years) | n=4512 | 1 year | 9 months, n=65 | Healthy dietary habits, meal frequency |
| Liu Z et al., (2022) [16], China | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled trial | Multi-faced obesity intervention | School children (8-10 years) | n=1392 | 1 year | (-)* | BMI, physical activity, dietary behavior, obesity related knowledge |
| Glorioso IG et al., (2020) [17], Laguna, Philippines | School, Quasi experimental | Nutrition education program for healthier kids | Grade II and III students (7-9 years) | n=166 | 8 months | Total 5 follow-up meetings), n=0 | Improved knowledge on food and nutrition |
| Hamulka J et al., (2018) [19], Poland | School, The study was designed in two paths as: a cross-sectional study and an intervention study | Health educational intervention | Girls aged 11-13 years | n=2107 | 3 weeks | 9 months, n=74 | Nutrition and lifestyle related knowledge, dietary and lifestyle behaviors and body composition |
| Teo CH et al., (2021) [20], Malaysia | School, Quasi experimental study | Educational intervention | School children (7-11 years) | n=523 | 3 months | 3 months, n=0 | Anthropometric assessments, nutrition knowledge and eating practice |
| Anand D et al., (2020) [21], Tirupati, India | School, Intervention Study | Health and nutrition education program | Adolescent girls aged 13-17 years | n=700 | 6 weeks | 0 months, n=0 | Dietary pattern, anthropometric assessment, nutritional status |
| He FJ et al., (2022) [23], China | School, Cluster randomized Controlled trial | Nutrition education program | School children (8-9 years) | n=592 | 1 year | 3 months, n=27 | Dietary habits, practices, nutritional status |
| Aydın S et al., (2022) [24], Usküdar, Istanbul | School, Experimental or Intervention study | Nutrition education | School students (14-17 years) | n=216 | (-)* | 0 months, n=0 | Nutrition related knowledge, BMI, dietary habits and lifestyle |
| Hildrey R et al., (2021) [25], Storrs, USA | School, Intervention study | Tailored Nutrition Education | School children from 6th, 7th, 8th standard (10-15 years) | n=505 | 1 year | (-)*, n=0 | Nutrition related knowledge, behavior in dietary habits, physical activity |
| Seneviratne SN et al., (2021) [26], Colombo, Sri Lanka | School, Pre-post study design, Intervention study | Nutrition education | School children from grade 1 and 2 | n=1042 | 1 week | At the 2nd week post-test, n=0 | Eating habits, nutritional status |
| El Bastawi S et al., (2022) [27], Mansura, Egypt | School, Quasi-Experimental study | Educational intervention Program | School Children (7-12 years) | n=360 | 1 week | 1 month, n=5 | Nutrition related knowledge, attitude, dietary habit |
| Habib-Mourad C et al., (2020) [28], Lebanon | School, Randomized Controlled Trial | Physical activity intervention | School students (9-11 years) | n=2148 | 3 months | 1 week, n=128 | Dietary behavior, Nutrition knowledge; physical activity |
| Seo YG et al., (2021) [31], Korea | School, Quasi-experimental | Circuit training and nutrition intervention | School children (6-17 years) | n=242 | 2 years | 6 months, n=79 | BMI, body composition, nutrition and physical activity |
| Larsen MN et al., (2021) [32], Denmark | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Health Education through football program | School children (10-12 years) | n=3127 | 11 week | 0 months, n=3005 | Hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being |
| Tapia-Serrano MA et al., (2022) [34], Spain | School, Quasi-Experimental design | Physical activity, lifestyle and dietary intervention | School children (8-9 years) | n=121 | 2.5 months | 0 months, n=0 | Self-rated health status, BMI, physical activity, sleep duration, dietary habit and sedentary screen time |
| Martínez‐Vizcaíno V et al., (2022) [35], Cuenca, Spain | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Physical activity intervention | School children (9-11 years) | n=562 | 6 months | 1 academic year, n=166 | Changes in physical fitness parameters, body composition (BMI, waist circumference) blood pressure, and biochemical parameters |
| Sebire SJ et al., (2018) [36], | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled trial | Physical Activity Intervention | Adolescent girls (12-13 years) | n=427 | 6 months | 2 months, n=39 | Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time |
| Santina T et al., (2021) [38], Lebanon | School, Cluster randomized Controlled trial | Physical Activity Intervention | School Children (10-12 years) | n=374 | 14 weeks | 0 months, n=10 | Physical activity, behavior in relation to dietary habit, BMI, waist circumference |
| Sharif Ishak SI et al., (2020) [40], Malaysia | School (Quasi-experimental) | lifestyle program | Adolescents (13-14 years) | n=201 | 16 weeks | 3 months, n=125 | Knowledge, attitude and practice on healthy lifestyle and anthropometric measurements |
| Kamin T et al., (2022) [42], | School, Experimental | Behavior change in connection with dietary habits | Schoolchildren (10-16 years) | n=672 | 5 months | 4 months, n=131 | BMI, dietary habit, behavior change in terms of dietary habits, awareness of health risks related to consumption of sugar sweetened beverages |
| Moitra P et al., (2021) [43], Mumbai, India | School, Cluster randomized Controlled trial | Behaviorally focused nutrition education intervention | Students (10-12 years) | n=518 | 12 weeks | 2 months, n=20 | Knowledge, attitude, practice and diet |
| Ochoa-Avilés A et al., (2017) [51], Cuenca, Ecuador | School, Cluster randomized control trial | Nutrition education | Adolescents 12-14 years | n=1079 | 2 years and 4 months | 1st follow up 17 months, 2nd follow up 11 months | Healthy dietary habits, physical activity, BMI, reduced waist circumference |
| Lane HG et al., (2017) [52], Maryland | School, Cluster randomized control trial | Multi-component intervention | School children from 3rd to 7th grade (6-12 years) | n=1080 | 5 years | 2.5 years, n=0 | Obesogenic behavior and weight, BMI, physical activity, health literacy |
| Kubik MY et al., (2018) [53], Philadelphia, United States | School, Randomized Controlled Trial | Lifestyle intervention | School children 8-12 years | n=114 | 9 month | At 12 months post intervention and 24 months follow up | Child age- and gender-adjusted BMI z-score, dietary intake, physical activity |
| Ten Hoor GA et al., (2018) [54], The Netherlands | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Physical activity intervention | Adolescents 11-15 years | n=695 | 6 months | At 12 months, n=187 | Body composition, daily physical activity, sedentary behavior |
| Silva KS et al., (2020) [55], Brazil | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Multi-component intervention | Adolescents 7th to 9th grade school children | n=1090 | 1 year | 2 months n=91 | Physical activity, Sedentary behavior, self-efficacy, nutritional status |
| Ponnambalam S et al., (2022) [57], Puducherry, India | School, Randomized Controlled Trial | Nutrition education | Adolescents aged 11-14 years | n=280 | 9 months | 9 months n=0 | Waist circumference, eating behaviors |
| Haney MO et al., (2017) [59], Turkey | School, Intervention study | Educational Intervention | School children from 4th grade | n=51 | 2 weeks | (-)* | Dietary habits, BMI |
| Bagherniya M et al., (2017) [60], Iran | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Nutrition education intervention | Adolescent overweight girls aged 12-16 years | n=172 | 7 months | At 3.5 months and 7 months, n=18 | BMI, Waist circumference, dietary intake and behavior |
| Habib-Mourad C et al., (2020) [61], Beirut, Lebanon | School, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Nutrition education intervention | School children from 4th -5th grade (8-12 years) | n=1239 | 2 years | 1 year, n=433 | Dietary habits, Physical activity, knowledge, Self-efficacy |
| Wadolowska L et al., (2019) [62], Poland | School, Intervention study | Nutrition education intervention | School children aged 11-12 years | n=668 | 9 months | At 9th month, n=187 | BMI, Waist to Height Ratio, Diet quality, Nutrition Knowledge, sedentary and active lifestyle |