. 2024 Feb 28;15(1):rmae002. doi: 10.1093/jphsr/rmae002

Table 2.

Propensity score matching—the use of opioids from multiple providers.

Characteristics	After matching				Before matching
	CMR recipients N = 12 792		Non-CMR recipients N = 38 376		Non-CMR recipients N = 149 693
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Predisposing factors
Age, mean (SD)^a	74.49 (6.61)		74.43 (6.99)		75.77 (7.58)
Male^a	3473	27.15	10 309	26.86	38 433	25.67
Race/ethnicity^a
Non-Hispanic White	10 260	80.21	30 808	80.28	119 111	79.57
Black	1423	11.12	4354	11.35	15 965	10.67
Hispanic	715	5.59	2122	5.53	8735	5.84
Asian/Pacific Islander	171	1.34	469	1.22	3006	2.01
Others	223	1.74	623	1.62	2876	1.92
Proportion of married couples, mean (SD)^b	0.73 (0.06)		0.73 (0.07)		0.73 (0.07)
Proportion of education >= high school, mean (SD)^a,^b	0.86 (0.06)		0.86 (0.06)		0.87 (0.06)
Income per capita (in $1000), mean (SD)^a,^b	44.30 (12.93)		44.38 (12.63)		46.32 (14.52)
Proportion of the uninsured, mean (SD)^a,^b	0.10 (0.05)		0.10 (0.04)		0.10 (0.05)
Enabling factors
Metropolitan statistical area^a,^b	8803	68.82	26 523	69.11	110 571	73.87
Health professional shortage area^b	11 565	90.41	34 652	90.30	136 002	90.85
Census region^b
Northeast	1877	14.67	5652	14.73	22 215	14.84
Midwest	3092	24.17	9380	24.44	33 565	22.42
South	5605	43.82	16 773	43.71	67 081	44.81
West	2218	17.34	6571	17.12	26 832	17.92
Need factor
Risk adjustment summary score, mean (SD)^a	2.29 (1.53)		2.27 (1.62)		2.17 (1.51)

Abbreviations: CMR = comprehensive medication review; SD = standard deviation.

^aIndicates that characteristics were different between CMR recipients and non-CMR recipients before matching (P < .05).

^bCommunity-level factors.

Note that the CMR recipients (intervention group) were 100% matched, and all characteristics were statistically indifferent after the matching.