Table 2:

Deaths per 1,000,000 individuals associated with a 1-μg/m³ increase in 12-month moving average of ${\text{PM}}_{2.5}$ per month by race/ethnicity

Cause of death	Race/ethnicity	Coefficient (95% CI)a	Difference in coefficient (95% CI)b
Cardiovascular disease	Whole population	2.01 (1.67, 2.35)	-
	Non-Hispanic White	1.76 (1.37, 2.15)	reference
	Non-Hispanic Black	7.16 (3.81, 10.51)	5.40 (2.03, 8.77)
	Hispanic	2.66 (−0.03, 5.35)	0.90 (−1.81, 3.61)
Ischemic heart disease	Whole population	1.67 (1.43, 1.91)	-
	Non-Hispanic White	1.64 (1.37, 1.91)	reference
	Non-Hispanic Black	4.09 (1.80, 6.38)	2.45 (0.14, 4.76)
	Hispanic	1.52 (−0.21, 3.25)	−0.12 (−1.88, 1.64)
Myocardial infarction	Whole population	0.45 (0.29, 0.61)	-
	Non-Hispanic White	0.45 (0.26, 0.63)	reference
	Non-Hispanic Black	1.97 (0.68, 3.26)	1.52 (0.22, 2.83)
	Hispanic	0.45 (−0.58, 1.48)	0.00 (−1.05, 1.05)
Stroke	Whole population	0.22 (0.08, 0.36)	-
	Non-Hispanic White	0.11 (−0.04, 0.26)	reference
	Non-Hispanic Black	1.76 (0.67, 2.85)	1.65 (0.55, 2.75)
	Hispanic	0.05 (−1.01, 1.11)	−0.06 (−1.13, 1.01)
Hypertensive disease	Whole population	0.11 (0.03, 0.19)	-
	Non-Hispanic White	0.05 (−0.04, 0.14)	reference
	Non-Hispanic Black	0.65 (−0.01, 1.31)	0.61 (−0.05, 1.27)
	Hispanic	0.15 (−0.31, 0.61)	0.10 (−0.37, 0.57)
Hypertensive heart disease	Whole population	0.03 (−0.02, 0.09)	-
	Non-Hispanic White	0.03 (−0.03, 0.09)	reference
	Non-Hispanic Black	0.04 (−0.33, 0.41)	0.01 (−0.36, 0.38)
	Hispanic	−0.15 (−0.41, 0.11)	−0.18 (−0.44, 0.09)

^aCoefficient: number of deaths per 1,000,000 individuals associated with a 1 μg/m³ increase in 12-month moving average of ${\text{PM}}_{2.5}$ per month by race/ethnicity; CI: confidence interval

^bWe calculated the differences in coefficient between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White people and between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White people. CIs were calculated based on the coefficients and standard errors of different groups.