Table.
Cases of DAVF That Were Confused with Encephalitis.
| Reference | Age/ sex |
From onset to hospitalization | Fever | Neurological symptoms | FLAIR high signal | Initial therapy | Final diagnosis | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (9) | 51/M | 5 weeks (acute exacerbation 2 days) | Normal | Somnolence, memory impairment, and gait instability | Bilateral thalamus | No mention | Tentorial dAVF | TAE | Improvement |
| (7) | 25/F | 1 month | No mention | Limb weakness, dysphagia, and dyspnea | Pontomedullary junction | Various immunomodulating therapies | Tentorial dAVF | TAE | Mild improvements |
| (8) | 46/M | 2 days | Afebrile | Spatial disorientation and apathy | Bilateral thalamus | Acyclovir，steroid pulse, IVIg | Tentorial dAVF | No mention | Improvement |
| (6) | 80/F | 2 days | No mention | Mild confusion, dysarthria, and left hemiparesis | Pons | High dose steroid | Cavernous sinus dAVF | Attempted TAE/TVE but failed | Severe left paralysis remains |
| (10) | 68/M | 0 day | 37.0°C | Status epilepticus | Left medial temporal lobe | Steroid | Anterior cranial fossa dAVF | Craniotomy | Improvement |
| Our case | 84/F | 2 days | 38.5°C | Freezing, and immobility, and aphasia | Left temporal to parietal lobes | Acyclovir | Transverse-sigmoid sinus dAVF | TAE | Improvement |
dAVF: dural arteriovenous fistula, FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, IVIg: intravenous immunoglobulin, TAE: transarterial embolization, TVE: transvenous embolization