Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the pre-matched and matched cohorts.
| Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 1357) | Men (n = 1772) | Standardized difference | Women (n = 1190) | Men (n = 1190) | Standardized difference | |
| Age (years) | 72.0 [62.0–80.0] | 70.0 [61.5–78.0] | 0.112 | 71.0 [62.0–80.0] | 70.0 [62.0–78.0] | 0.037 |
| Septic shock | 791 (58.3%) | 1085 (61.2%) | 0.060 | 706 (59.3%) | 721 (60.6%) | 0.026 |
| SOFA score | 8 [6–11] | 9 [7–12] | 0.173 | 8 [6–11] | 9 [7–11] | 0.083 |
| APACHE II score | 21 [15–27] | 21 [16–28] | 0.102 | 21 [15–27] | 21 [16–28] | 0.050 |
| Initial vital signs | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 90.0 [75.0–112.0] | 92.0 [78.0–114.0] | 0.048 | 90.0 [75.0–113.0] | 92.0 [78.0–115.0] | 0.061 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 54.0 [46.0–67.0] | 56.0 [48.0–68.0] | 0.082 | 54.0 [46.0–67.0] | 56.0 [48.0–68.0] | 0.075 |
| HR (1/min) | 109.0 [92.0–126.0] | 111.0 [95.0–128.0] | 0.085 | 110.0 [92.0–127.0] | 110.0 [94.0–127.0] | 0.030 |
| RR (1/min) | 20.0 [18.0–24.0] | 20.0 [18.0–24.0] | 0.065 | 20.0 [18.0–24.0] | 20.0 [18.0–24.0] | 0.005 |
| BT (℃) | 37.7 [36.7–38.8] | 37.6 [36.6–38.6] | 0.102 | 37.7 [36.7–38.7] | 37.7 [36.7–38.7] | 0.006 |
| Infection focus | ||||||
| Respiratory | 207 (15.3%) | 529 (29.9%) | 0.355 | 207 (17.4%) | 217 (18.2%) | 0.022 |
| Genitourinary | 384 (28.3%) | 185 (10.4%) | 0.464 | 217 (18.2%) | 184 (15.5%) | 0.074 |
| Gastrointestinal | 169 (12.5%) | 201 (11.3%) | 0.034 | 169 (14.2%) | 156 (13.1%) | 0.032 |
| Hepatobiliary | 204 (15.0%) | 365 (20.6%) | 0.146 | 204 (17.1%) | 219 (18.4%) | 0.033 |
| Mixed | 233 (17.2%) | 280 (15.8%) | 0.037 | 233 (19.6%) | 236 (19.8%) | 0.006 |
| Others | 160 (11.8%) | 212 (12.0%) | 0.005 | 160 (13.4%) | 178 (15.0%) | 0.043 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| HTN | 631 (46.5%) | 711 (40.1%) | 0.129 | 549 (46.1%) | 521 (43.8%) | 0.047 |
| DM | 427 (31.5%) | 597 (33.7%) | 0.047 | 360 (30.3%) | 409 (34.4%) | 0.088 |
| Cardiac disease | 173 (12.7%) | 305 (17.2%) | 0.125 | 161 (13.5%) | 161 (13.5%) | 0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 57 (4.2%) | 196 (11.1%) | 0.261 | 57 (4.8%) | 61 (5.1%) | 0.015 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 103 (7.6%) | 157 (8.9%) | 0.046 | 98 (8.2%) | 104 (8.7%) | 0.018 |
| Metastatic cancer | 403 (29.7%) | 605 (34.1%) | 0.095 | 367 (30.8%) | 416 (35.0%) | 0.088 |
| Chronic renal disease | 123 (9.1%) | 168 (9.5%) | 0.014 | 113 (9.5%) | 113 (9.5%) | 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 100 (7.4%) | 204 (11.5%) | 0.142 | 97 (8.2%) | 97 (8.2%) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Lactate (initial) (mmol/L) | 3.2 [1.9–5.5] | 3.9 [2.2–5.9] | 0.117 | 3.2 [2.0–5.6] | 3.7 [2.1–5.7] | 0.041 |
| WBC (× 103/μL) | 10.0 [4.1–17.0] | 10.0 [3.9–16.6] | 0.035 | 9.7 [3.9–17.0] | 10.0 [3.9–16.2] | 0.041 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 14.5 [6.2–25.0] | 14.7 [6.4–24.6] | 0.014 | 14.5 [6.2–25.3] | 14.8 [6.5–24.6] | 0.005 |
Data are expressed as median [interquartile range], mean ± standard deviation, or frequency (proportion), as appropriate.
SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate, BT body temperature, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, WBC white blood cell, CRP C-reactive protein.