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. 2024 Feb 28;14:4943. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55672-8

Table 2.

Cardiorespiratory variables and muscle efficiency at the end of exercise and V̇O2 onset kinetics.

Individuals with chronic low back pain Healthy individuals Time effect Group effect Effect size (group effect) 95% CI of the difference of the means
V̇O2 (L min−1) 1.34 ± 0.21 1.25 ± 0.16  < 0.001 0.409 0.00 − 0.1; 0.26
V̇CO2 (L min−1) 1.32 ± 0.18 1.33 ± 0.18  < 0.001 0.960 0.00 − 0.19; 0.17
HR (beats min−1) 135.28 ± 20.80 138.77 ± 23.95  < 0.001 0.669 0.00 − 24.95; 11.40
V̇E (L min−1) 46.51 ± 11.52 43.10 ± 6.81  < 0.001 0.196 0.01 − 6.47; 12.91
RER 1.01 ± 0.14 1.06 ± 0.08  < 0.001 0.501 0.01 − 0.14; 0.02
Energy expenditure (J s−1) 429.77 ± 91.18 412.90 ± 85.02 0.493 0.17
Mechanical efficiency (%) 4.7 ± 0.81 5.3 ± 1.16 0.034 0.61
Amplitude V̇O2 (L min−1) 1.01 ± 0.23 0.95 ± 0.15 0.717 0.11 − 0.18;0.25
Mean response time (s) 59.66 ± 18.38 53.28 ± 24.72 0.438 0.24 − 12.89; 27.54

The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The time effect is only reported for variables that were analysed minute by minute. The 95% confidence interval (CI) is only reported for variables that followed a normal distribution.