Fig. 2.

AiV-A1 A846/88 does not induce an antiviral state in HIE and does not damage the epithelial barrier. (A and B) IFN and ISG gene expression determined by RT-qPCR in HIE after AiV-A1 A846/88 and CVB3 infection as indicated (each with 10⁷ PFU). In (A) N = 1 and in (B) N = 3 biological replicates, except MX1 (N = 2). (C) Immunohistochemical micrographs of HIE transverse sections stained with nuclear fast red-aluminum sulfate solution 0.1 % (red) were evaluated for dsRNA (brown, black arrows) via mAb J2 followed by DAB colourisation 24 hpi. Boxes refer to zoomed areas shown at the right. (D) Measurement of cell death by apically released LDH at indicated time points after AiV-A1 A846/88 infection in HIE. N = 3 biological replicates per condition, except maximum cell death (N = 2). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak's test for multiple comparisons was used for statistical analysis. Displayed are the mean ± SEM. ‘ns’, not significant.