Citation	Publication	Research Design	Sample & Substance of Focus	Intervention	Outcomes
Aronson et al. (2017)	Frontiers in Public Health	Quantitative Pilot test	Convenience sample (N = 31) in Bronx, NY Opioids	Mobile Intervention Kit (MIK), a tablet computer-based intervention designed to provide overdose prevention and response training	Participants accepted HIV and HCV testing, and naloxone training to reverse overdoses. Results showed significant increases in knowledge of overdose prevention, HIV testing procedures, and HCV infection
Ashford et al. (2018)	Harm Reduction Journal	Quantitative Evaluation	Administrative data from Missouri Network for Opiate Reform and Recovery (N= 417) Opioids	Peer recovery support services and peer-based harm reduction services via a syringe exchange program	During evaluation, participants had an average of 2.14 engagements with the program, 5345–8995 sterile syringes were provided, and 600–1530 used syringes were collected. Housing status, criminal justice status, and previous health diagnosis were significantly associated with whether they had multiple engagements
Bachhuber et al., 2018	Substance Abuse	Quantitative Evaluation	Patients enrolled in STEP program in Philadelphia (N = 124) Opioids	Stabilization, Treatment, and Engagement Program (STEP), buprenorphine maintenance treatment	Comorbidities were prevalent (HIV, anxiety, and depression). Most common program outcomes were unplanned self-discharge (23%), incarceration (16%), and administrative discharge (15%). Treatment retention was comparable to retention rates reported from other settings.
Bastiaens et al. (2019)	Psychiatric Quarterly	Quantitative Pre-post	Justice-involved individuals with ADHD and substance use disorders (N = 108) Non-specific	Non-stimulant treatment for ADHD	Moderate response with an effect size of 1.4. According to the Clinical Global Index Severity Scale, 64% responded and 35% remitted
Bernard et al. (2020)	Plos Medicine	Quantitative Model-based analysis	King County, Washington Non-specific	Microsimulation model of a county diversion program	Over 10 years, the program was estimated to reduce HIV and HCV incidence by 3.4% (95% CI 2.7%–4.0%) and 3.3% (95% CI 3.1%–3.4%), respectively, overdose deaths among PWID by 10.0% (95% CI 9.8%–10.8%), and jail population size by 6.3% (95% CI 5.9%–6.7%).
Biondi et al. (2021)	Substance Abuse	Quantitative RCT	Individuals with HIV and alcohol or opioid use disorders leaving the justice system (N = 193) Alcohol and Opioids	Two double-blind placebo-controlled trials of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX)	Women were younger, had worse mental health severity, and were more likely to be diagnosed with cocaine use disorder. There were no statistical differences between men and women in the prescription of antiretroviral therapy (ART) or ART adherence.
Black and Amaro (2019)	Behavior Research and Therapy	Quantitative RCT	Women with substance use disorders in residential treatment (N = 200) Non-specific (majority methamphetamine)	Moment-by-Moment in Women's Recovery (MMWR), a mindfulness-based intervention adapted to support women with substance use disorder while in residential treatment.	MMWR versus attention controls were less likely to leave residential treatment without satisfactory progress. Effect size was medium-to-large suggesting clinical importance
Boland and Rosenfeld (2018)	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	Quantitative Pilot test	Individuals with psychotic disorders from a diversion program in NYC (N = 80) Non-specific	Queens Treatment Alternatives for Safer Communities (TASC) Mental Health Diversion Program	Outcomes examined 6 and 12 months after program completion revealed those who used substances other than alcohol or cannabis were more likely to have a positive toxicology. Those with schizoaffective disorder or with violent offenses were more likely to be rearrested.
Christopher et al. (2018)	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Quantitative Cross-sectional analyses	Persons entering a brief, inpatient opioid detoxification in Massachusetts (N = 292) Opioids	Civil commitment	Those with opioid use disorder who experience civil commitment are a high-risk group with higher rates of injection drug use, drug overdose, and justice involvement. Positive commitment experience and post-commitment medication treatment are associated with longer abstinence
Clifasefi et al. (2017)	Crime & Delinquency	Quantitative Pre-post (single-arm, within-subjects)	Program participants in Seattle, Washington (N = 176) Non-specific	Seattle’s Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) program	Significant improvements in participants’ housing status, employment, and income/benefits. Housing and employment was associated with 17% and 33% fewer arrests during follow-up, respectively.
Connolly and Granfield (2017)	Journal of Drug Issues	Qualitative Case study, interviews	Individuals involved in the Street Ministry in a mid-sized rust belt city (N = 23) Non-specific	Addiction services that provide access to recovery capital (faith-based communities)	Religious organizations can provide recovery capital that many substance using justice-involved individuals need
Cos et al. (2020)	Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings	Quantitative Evaluation/Pre-post	Federally qualified health center covering 46 square miles in a Northeastern US city Non-specific	Peer recovery specialists	Reductions in patients using substances in past 30-days and decreased days using alcohol. Increases in medical service engagement, school enrollment, and employment rates
Cowell et al. (2018)	Criminology & Public Policy	Quantitative Evaluation	24 months of data from probationers (N = 625) Non-specific	Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement Demonstration Field Experiment (HOPE DFE)	HOPE DFE group had higher criminal justice costs than probation as usual and was associated with higher rates of incarceration and residential treatment
Evans et al. (2019)	Addiction	Quantitative RCT	Participants in three opioid treatment programs in California (N = 303) Opioids	Buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone	No significant difference by randomization in proportion arrested or incarcerated during follow-up. Treatment with either was associated with a reduction in arrests compared to no treatment. Cocaine use, injection drug use, being Hispanic, and being younger were associated with higher likelihood of arrest
Finlay et al. (2020)	Journal of General Internal Medicine	Qualitative Interviews	Veterans (n= 18), Veterans Justice Programs Specialists (n= 15), community treatment providers (n= 5), and criminal justice staff (n= 12) Opioids	Barriers to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)	Barriers included preference for counseling with or instead of MOUD, concerns about veterans using medications with a prescription, concerns about stigma towards MOUD use, and concerns about medication discontinuation after recurrent opioid use
Friedmann et al. (2018)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative Pilot study	Volunteers from Rhode Island’s Adult Correctional Institute (N = 15) Opioids	Extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) and six months of community XR-NTX treatment	Pre-release group had better treatment retention, greater abstinence, fewer positive drug tests, and more days of opioid receptor blockade
Friese and Wilson (2021)	Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions	Quantitative Evaluation	Homeless individuals with SUDs in Washington Non-specific	Snohomish County Diversion Center (SCDC) - diversion program in Washington State	Program evaluation revealed a reduction in incarceration, jail days, psychiatric hospital stays, and homelessness
Gertner et al. (2019)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative Evaluation	Individuals with a diagnosis of SMI who were released from prison (N = 3086) Non-specific	Expedited Medicaid enrollment program for substance use disorder treatment	Referral to expedited Medicaid enrollment was associated with an increase in the probability of using any SUD treatment in the 3 months following release compared to those not in the program. Effect size represents a 61% increase in the probability of using any treatment by 3 months. Results were similar for 6-month and 12-month follow-up.
Gonzalez et al. (2019)	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	Qualitative Interviews	Clients (n = 3) and peers (n = 7) in three Texas municipalities Non-specific	Outcomes of peer reentry specialists	Peers’ lived experiences were useful in building rapport, assisted clients in seeking treatment, housing, and employment. Structural barriers hindered peers’ ability to perform duties.
Gordon et al. (2017)	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Quantitative RCT	Participants from two Baltimore pre-release prisons. Post-release assessments conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up Opioids	Buprenorphine treatment, post-release service setting: opioid treatment program (OTP) vs. community health center (CHC)	Buprenorphine was associated with greater community treatment post-release. In-prison treatment group had a higher average number of days of post-release treatment, but groups did not differ on substance use or criminal behavior outcomes
Gorvine et al. (2021)	Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine	Qualitative Interviews	Women in recovery from nine sites in the mid-South (N = 17) Non-specific	Yoga intervention	Participants had high prevalence of histories of trauma. Barriers to participation included lack of self-efficacy, balancing responsibilities, etc.
Grant et al. (2021)	Journal of Offender Rehabilitation	Qualitative Interviews	Participants from Substance Use Programming for Person-Oriented Recovery and Treatment (SUPPORT) in Indianapolis Non-specific	Peer recovery coaches for the SUPPORT interventions	Peer recovery coaches aided in enhancing intervention innovation, developing recovery-oriented resources, and helped client-level interactions
Hamilton and Belenko (2019)	Criminal Justice and Behavior	Quantitative Secondary analyses	Serious and Violent Offenders Reentry Initiative male dataset (N = 1697) Non-specific	Pre-release services to facilitate post-release SUD treatment	Only a few pre-release services, along with individual motivation, influenced SUD treatment access post-release. Other services provided later in the reentry process also contributed to improved SUD treatment receipt.
Hanna et al. (2020)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Qualitative Evaluation	Two facilities (one men’s and one women’s) and three counties of release Opioids	Cross-system (corrections and community-based) opioid use treatment initiative	Differences in culture and purpose, as well as high resource needs complicate program implementation. Communication and networking are critical to successful implementation
Hollander et al. (2021)	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Quantitative Secondary analyses	Medicaid enrollees from Allegheny County in Western Pennsylvania (N = 6374) Opioids	Racial disparities in initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)	Black enrollees were 18% less likely than White enrollees to start MOUD. Each day in the ER or jail was associated with a decrease in odds of initiation
Holmstrom et al. (2017)	Criminal Justice and Behavior	Qualitative Interviews	Women on probation or parole from 16 Michigan counties (N = 284) Non-specific	Social support from probation and parole officers	Informational support is most likely; tangible and network support were less reported. Supportive communication was perceived positively
Kelly et al. (2020)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative RCT	Participants with OUD in Baltimore (N = 212) Opioids	Methadone treatment in 3 conditions: 1) interim methadone (IM) with patient navigation (PN; IM + PN); 2) IM without PN; or 3) enhanced treatment-as-usual (ETAU).	No differences found in new arrests or time to first arrest 12-monts post-release. Half of participants were re-arrested
Krawczyk et al. (2019)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative Evaluation	Individuals outside of a Baltimore jail (N = 220) Opioids	Project Connections at Re-Entry (PCARE), a buprenorphine treatment program through a mobile van parked directly outside the Baltimore City Jail	190 people began treatment with a prescription. Of those who began treatment, 67.9% returned for a second visit or more, and 31.6% percent were still involved in treatment after 30 days. May help to deliver buprenorphine to hard-to-reach populations
Krawczyk et al. (2021)	American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse	Quantitative Observational	Maryland state-wide sample of justice-involved individuals (N= 43,842) Opioids	MAT (treatment with opioid agonists)	Of the sample (80% male), nearly 20% utilized OUD treatment. Of these, 58% received agonist medications. Agonist meds reduced odds of fatal overdose by 60%
Lee et al. (2017)	Health and Justice	Quantitative RCT	Participants from 10 outpatient programs across the U.S. (N = 507) Non-specific (drugs and alcohol)	Web-based psychosocial intervention (Therapeutic Education System) as a part of outpatient treatment Includes contingency management	Justice-involved participants tended to be young, male, and in treatment for cannabis. Feasibility and effectiveness of intervention did not vary among mandated, recommended, or non-CJ group
Lincoln et al. (2018)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative RCT	Jail releasees from Massachusetts with OUD (N = 67) Opioids	Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) prior to or post-release	Receiving XR-NTX prior to release appears to increase retention rate compared to post-release. Treatment attrition and rates of overdose still alarming
Martin et al. (2019)	Preventive Medicine	Mixed methods Observational	Former prison inmates with OUD in Rhode Island who participated in a follow-up phone survey (N = 214) Opioids	MAT while incarcerated (examining if it continued after release)	Results indicate that most participants (82%) linked to treatment post-release. Reasons for not included transportation issues and not wanting to continue
Maruca et al. (2021)	Journal of Forensic Nursing	Qualitative Focus groups	Four male, two female, and one mixed focus groups (N = 31) Non-specific	Group discussion about challenges to reentry (self-care management)	Definitions of self-care varied depending on interview location. Challenges to self-care included transportation, addiction, job and housing instability, and mental illness. Value in applying Rediscovery of Self-Care model to guide interventions
Maume et al. (2018)	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	Quantitative Secondary analyses	Referred individuals (N = 1274) in North Carolina Non-specific	Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) program	Program completion is most important predictor of arrest in 3-year follow-up period. Being female, older at program entry, and higher levels of education decreased odds of rearrest
McHugo et al. (2021)	The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease	Quantitative RCT	Clients diagnosed with SMI and substance involvement in Washington D.C. (N = 305) Non-specific	(Algorithm-driven) Dual diagnosis care management plus a tailored add on that included group therapy, CM, or naltrexone (for alcohol); plus post-abstinence AA, NA, supported employment, DDCM	Group by time interaction regressed on substance use outcomes showed that responders had the best outcomes, followed by partial responders and non-responders; Those who show initial impact have better drug and alcohol outcomes
Miller et al. (2017)	American Journal of Criminal Justice	Mixed method Evaluation/Quasi-experimental design	Study 1: males in a jail based residential program for substance involved parents of children (N = 34); study 2: incarcerated adults with CODs (N = 81); both in central Ohio Non-specific	Two approaches: Program #1 Community Reinforcement and Family training (CRAFT); Program #2 Moral Reconation Therapy	Program #1: 75% less likely to be revoked; 86% less likely to have new charges; Program #2: 75% less likely to be revoked; 63% less likely to have new charges
Morse et al. (2017)	Women’s Health Issues	Quantitative Descriptive study of program participants	200 women were recruited from a mid-sized city in NY, 100 attended the program at least once Non-specific	Women’s Initiative Supporting Health Transitions Clinic (WISH-TC); peer support and health care management (part of the Transitions Clinic National Network)	Most women only attended the program once. High prevalence of health challenges and substance use; African American women had significantly lower odds of receiving SUD treatment compared to White women. In this sample, White women had more extensive SUD history than African American women
Morse et al. (2021)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Qualitative Semistructured interviews	Veterans with OUD and legal involvement from 9 geographically dispersed VHA facilities (N = 18) Opioids	Improving the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)	6 factors revealed: 1) need for transportation and telehealth; 2) need for access to MOUD during incarceration; 3) need to reduce physician turnover; 4) need to increase physician education; 5) need to increase education of veterans about MOUD; 6) need to provide social support opportunities to veterans
Murphy et al. (2017)	Addiction	Quantitative RCT	Criminal justice-involved adults with a history of OUD in the US Northeast (N = 308) Opioids	Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX; Vivitrol)	XR-NTX appears to be effective in increasing both quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and abstinence; but not cost effective using generally accepted value thresholds for QALYs due to high price of the injection
Nyamathi et al., 2017b, Nyamathi et al., 2017a	Nursing Research	Quantitative RCT	Female parolees/probationers residing in Los Angeles and Pomona, California (N = 130) Non-specific	Assigned into either Dialectical Behavioral Therapy-Case Management (DBT-CM) or Health Promotion (HP) using randomization	Program participation (DBT-CM) was associated with increased abstinence, for drugs and alcohol at 6 months compared to HP
Nyamathi et al., 2017b, Nyamathi et al., 2017a	Journal of Addictive Diseases	Quantitative RCT	Recently released justice-involved men in Los Angeles (N = 600) Non-specific	Peer-coach and nurse-partnered interventions	Those who participated in a SUD program contract in residential drug treatment or who spent 90 days or greater in a residential drug treatment program were less likely to have been rearrested
Pettus-Davis et al., (2017)	Journal of Clinical Psychology	Quantitative RCT	Incarcerated men about to be released from one of 10 prisons in North Carolina (N = 57) Non-specific	"Support Matters" which involves 10 weeks of group based cognitive and relational skill training & reentry support vs. general reentry support services	No significant findings suggesting group impact on social support, cognitions, or rearrest. Reverse effects for marijuana - those in the intervention reported more marijuana use.
Pinals et al. (2019)	Psychiatric Services	Quantitative Pre-post	Participants enrolled in community wraparound services (N = 97)	Maintaining Independence and Sobriety through Systems Integration, Outreach, and Networking – Criminal Justice (MISSION-CJ)	Significant improvement from pre to post on all measures
Polcin et al. (2018)	Criminal Justice & Behavior	Quantitative RCT	Residents in 49 sober living houses in Los Angeles (N = 330) Non-specific	Motivational Interviewing Case Management (MICM)	No significant improvement on substance use outcomes for treatment condition; positive impact on HIV risk behavior and criminal justice outcomes. All groups in sober living houses showed improvement
Ray et al. (2017)	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	Quantitative Outcome Evaluation	Program clients released from prison in Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana (N = 230) Non-specific	Access to Recovery (ATR) – offers clinical and supportive services for substance use	Agencies were classified by the extent to which different services were used by clients. The agencies where more services were used had the lowest recidivism rates and had clients who took longer to recidivate
Ray et al. (2021)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative RCT	Recently incarcerated individuals in Marion County, (Indianapolis), Indiana (N =100) Non-specific	Peer Recovery Coaches plus $700 in vouchers to cover support services	No differences in primary outcomes across groups; intervention group showed better outcomes in treatment motivation and general self-efficacy (secondary outcomes).
Reingle Gonzalez et al. (2019)	International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology	Qualitative Implementation (interviews)	7 peers and 3 clients in 3 Texas municipalities Non-specific	Peer reentry specialists	Peers’ lived experience helped to impact successful outcomes for substance use and mental health conditions. Peers also spent time addressing more basic client needs (housing, documentation, health care services) which were viewed as structural barriers to treatment.
Robertson et al. (2018)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative Quasi-experimental	Administrative data from several public agencies in Connecticut (N = 8736) Opioids	Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD): methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone	All three MOUDs were associated with reductions in inpatient SU treatment. Among the oral naltrexone subgroup, reductions in inpatient MH treatment, as well as improved adherence to SMI medications. Overall, the MOUD group had higher rates of arrest and incarceration at follow-up than comparison group; but those using oral naltrexone had lower rates of arrest (including felonies).
Robertson et al. (2020)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Mixed methods Propensity matched samples by gender	5033 men (553 diverted), 1013 women (505 diverted) in Connecticut Non-specific	Jail diversion compared to no diversion, by gender	Diversion associated with decreased probability of jail for both men and women; increased odds of outpatient MH treatment for both men and women; increased inpatient tx for men; qual results indicated issues with lack of MH services and lack of housing; women w/children had even more barriers
Schwartz et al. (2020)	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Quantitative RCT	Detainees in Baltimore treated for opioid withdrawal (N = 225) Opioids	(1) interim methadone (IM) with patient navigation (IM + PN); (2) IM; or (3) enhanced treatment-as-usual (ETAU)	Initiating methadone treatment in jail was effective in promoting entry into community-based SU treatment but subsequent treatment discontinuation attenuated any potential impact of such treatment.
Scott et al. (2017)	Journal of Experimental Criminology	Quantitative Randomized experiment	Women released from Cook County jail in Chicago (N = 480) Non-specific	Recovery management checkups (RMCs)	During quarters when women were not on probation, RMCs were associated with significant increases in participation in SU treatment and significant reductions in SU and HIV risk behaviors. However, RMCs had no additional quarterly benefits when women were on probation. Higher levels of SU treatment, self-help engagement, and reduced SU predicted reduced recidivism.
Stansfield et al. (2017)	Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency	Quantitative Secondary data analysis	SVORI sample of adult males in 14 states (N = 1032) Non-specific	Religious support	Religious support had strong prosocial effects on both post release employment and SU. The relationship between religious support and recidivism did not reach significance when social support was added
Stansfield et al. (2018)	Justice Quarterly	Quantitative Secondary data analysis	SVORI sample of adult males in 14 states (N = 1040) Non-specific	Religion/spirituality on reentry success and generalizability among risk level for desistance	Religious and spiritual support had a strong effect on the likelihood of SU desistance. Religious and social support was associated with lower levels of SU among low-risk offenders, but not among higher-risk offenders. Religious and spiritual support did not significantly relate to criminal offending at any risk level.
Thomas et al. (2019)	Addiction Science & Clinical Practice	Qualitative Semi-structured interviews	13 women (11 had an SUD) in upstate New York Non-specific	Women’s Initiative Supporting Health Transitions Clinic (WISH-TC), a primary care program that facilitates treatment access for returning women	WISH-TC supported autonomy and women felt empowered to have their health needs met. Program built knowledge to increase health literacy and better understand health needs. Relatedness support was key in women's satisfaction with their care.
Tibbitts et al. (2021)	Evaluation and Program Planning	Qualitative Pre-post survey	152 Living Yoga students in Portland, Oregon (77 attended trauma informed yoga in corrections and reentry) Non-specific	Trauma-informed yoga	Students reported perceived improvements in emotional and physical wellbeing and greater use of self-regulation skills afterwards. Findings suggest trauma-informed yoga is perceived as beneficial by vulnerable individuals, especially those in the correctional system or recovering from SU
Wimberly et al. (2018)	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Quantitative Randomized trial	Returning citizens with SU (N = 73) Non-specific	12 session, 90 minute weekly hatha yoga intervention or treatment as usual (TAU)	At three-months, yoga participants reported less stress than participants in TAU. Yoga participants reported less SU than participants in TAU at one, two, and three-months.
Wimberly (2019)	Complimentary Therapies in Medicine	Qualitative Semi-structured interviews	Returning citizens with SU in Philadelphia (N = 28) Non-specific	Hatha yoga intervention (90-minute class offered once a week for 12 weeks)	14 participants reported that yoga either reduced SU or maintained non-use, via mechanisms of purposeful distraction, stress coping, social support, and confidence. Eleven participants reported that yoga did not impact their SU. Three participants did not discuss it.
Wooditch et al. (2017)	Journal of Drug Issues	Quantitative Randomized block experiment	Substance using probationers (N = 251) Non-specific	"Seamless system of care"- integrated probation model combined with SU treatment intervention onsite at a probation office	Those in the seamless system of care group had fewer drug use days overall, less alcohol consumption, improved treatment initiation and adherence, but a higher number of days incarcerated. Low-risk seamless system participants had the most favorable outcomes.