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. 2024 Feb 7;416(8):1935–1949. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05191-2

Table 2.

Performance characteristics of the proposed LC–MS method depending on the evaluated sample treatments

Compound Dilute and shoot QuEChERSa SALLE (selected sample treatment)a
LOQs (µg/L) Recoveries (%)b LOQs (µg/L) Recovery (%) Intra-day/Inter-day precision (RSDs, %) Matrix effect (%)
LOQs (µg/L) 100 µg/L 1 µg/L 10 µg/L 100 µg/L 1 µg/L 10 µg/L 100 µg/L
Pesticides
5-hydroxycarbendazim 10 0.25 92 ± 7 0.1 89 94 95 14/11 16/17 5/11  − 42
Acephate 50 10 59 ± 15c 10 - 59 63 - 3/7 1/10 299
Acetamiprid 1 0.5 81 ± 9 0.25 94 87 75 13/17 14/19 8/7  − 58
Acetamiprid-desmethyl 25 5 92 ± 7 5 - 93 89 - 6/15 1/12  − 58
Azoxystrobin 1 0.5 90 ± 11 0.25 91 94 91 10/18 7/15 5/11  − 45
Azoxystrobin acid 2.5 0.5 94 ± 9 0.5 100 76 97 16/19 8/6 1/19  − 51
Carbendazim 5 2.5 97 ± 1 0.5 111 97 96 14/16 8/16 4/16 17
Chlorpyrifos 1 2.5 56 ± 18 0.5 69 81 74 7/13 11/15 6/11  − 21
Chlorpyrifos methyl 5 2.5 63 ± 17 2.5 - 85 93 8/11 8/14 5/16  − 20
Clothianidin 10 10 90 ± 10 10 - 93 88 13/22 12/14 2/17 87
Clothianidin desmethyl 200 50 82 ± 8 100 - - 78 - - 5/16 50
Cypermethrin 100 100 51 ± 21 50 - - 81 - - 18/18 131
DEAMPY 5 2.5 85 ± 11 1 98 88 83 10/17 11/14 19/17  − 63
DEDTP 200 50 44 ± 14 100 - - 56 - - 18/7  − 72
DEP 100 25 43 ± 16 25 - - 56 - - 13/15  − 57
DETP 200 50 40 ± 17 50 - - 48 - - 12/13  − 63
Desnitro-imidacloprid 25 10 70 ± 6 10 - 61 69 - 13/14 6/10  − 80
Dimethoate 2.5 0.5 79 ± 1 0.5 90 82 82 1/14 11/13 1/18  − 44
DMDTP 100 50 40 ± 15 50 - - 66 - - 7/8  − 94
DMP 200 50 42 ± 13 100 - - 50 - - 15/5  − 88
DMTP 200 25 46 ± 18 10 - 58 62 - 6/19 10/11  − 98
Imidacloprid 5 1 86 ± 3 1 85 96 85 15/13 3/16 4/17  − 37
Imidacloprid olefin 100 25 93 ± 6 25 - - 90 - - 6/16  − 43
Hydroxy-imidacloprid 10 2.5 92 ± 2 2.5 - 71 88 - 9/8 3/17 51
PBA 10 2.5 90 ± 7 1 72 80 89 8/19 16/14 3/15  − 75
DCCA 25 2.5 89 ± 4 2.5 - 88 81 - 14/18 6/19  − 19
Pirimiphos methyl 5 0.5 73 ± 8 0.1 73 62 66 17/14 6/14 4/19  − 16
TCPY 10 2.5 86 ± 4 2.5 - 90 87 - 17/19 6/19 75
Tebuconazole 1 0.5 65 ± 15 0.1 83 76 92 13/13 6/15 7/16 1
Tebuconazole hydroxy 5 1 85 ± 12 0.5 87 82 99 6/14 7/14 4/7  − 11
Mycotoxins
15-AcDON 25 5 85 ± 9 5 - 86 87 - 16/18 10/14  − 43
3-AcDON 25 5 91 ± 7 2.5 - 97 92 - 6/17 18/11  − 54
Aflatoxin B1 1 0.25 86 ± 2 0.25 83 82 83 10/10 14/7 5/15  − 67
Aflatoxin B2 5 0.5 75 ± 4 0.5 92 77 73 11/11 1/8 2/9  − 59
Aflatoxin G1 2.5 0.5 79 ± 4 0.5 93 81 80 19/17 10/6 9/8  − 61
Aflatoxin G2 5 0.5 77 ± 3 0.5 101 85 72 18/6 7/7 7/6  − 71
Aflatoxin M1 1 0.25 79 ± 8 0.1 88 88 78 11/9 10/13 10/8  − 55
α-ZOL 5 1 94 ± 10 1 63 84 96 9/14 7/5 5/19 22
Beauvericin 10 0.25 69 ± 16 0.1 85 88 74 12/17 13/16 9/14  − 28
β-ZOL 5 2.5 95 ± 12 2.5 - 79 86 - 16/14 7/19 8
DOM 100 1 91 ± 5 1 72 85 90 12/17 13/14 4/16  − 48
DON 50 5 89 ± 7 5 - 95 81 - 14/14 6/13 39
Enniatin A 1 0.25 61 ± 13 0.1 76 85 71 16/12 10/15 15/9  − 22
Enniatin A1 0.5 0.25 59 ± 17 0.1 77 79 73 7/14 12/11 17/4  − 19
Enniatin B 0.5 0.25 65 ± 19 0.1 95 72 76 10/16 12/5 10/9  − 23
Enniatin B1 0.5 0.25 66 ± 18 0.1 78 84 71 13/17 13/11 5/8  − 18
HT2 toxin 25 2.5 62 ± 16 5 - 58 55 - 10/13 6/19  − 87
Ochratoxin A 2.5 0.5 83 ± 8 0.5 94 81 80 6/11 9/13 6/17  − 30
Ochratoxin α 10 0.5 78 ± 4 1 64 90 74 8/12 7/14 1/8  − 9
Ochratoxin B 0.5 0.25 88 ± 6 0.1 84 81 85 18/18 9/13 5/15  − 35
T2 toxin 10 2.5 60 ± 18 2.5 - 58 56 - 14/10 7/11  − 69
ZAN 10 2.5 88 ± 6 2.5 - 73 87 - 5/6 4/19 24
ZEN 1 1 96 ± 9 0.5 95 72 91 12/19 3/12 3/19  − 15

a Number of replicates (n) = 5

b RSD with n = 5

c Validation parameters outranging adequate values (recoveries < 60% or RSD > 20%) are highlighted in red

Abbreviation: 15-AcDON 15-acetyldeoxinivalenol, 3-AcDON 3-acetyldeoxinivalenol, α-ZOL α-zearalenol, β-ZOL β-zearalenol, DCCA cis-permethrinic acid, DEAMPY 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, DEDTP diethyl dithiophosphate, DEP diethyl phosphate, DETP diethyl thiophosphate, DMDTP dimethyl dithiophosphate, DMP dimethyl phosphate, DMTP dimethyl thiophosphate, DOM deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, DON deoxinivalenol, PBA 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, TCPY 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, ZAN zearalanone, ZEN zearalenone