. 2024 Feb 15;11:1340735. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1340735

Table 5.

Identified metabolites related to energy metabolism in liver from mice fed the control diet, high-fat diet, or time-restricted feeding (TRF) of the high-fat diet.

	Control	High-fat	TRF
Citric acid	1 ± 0.18^ab	1.09 ± 0.18^a	0.51 ± 0.09^b
Fructose	1 ± 0.15^a	0.59 ± 0.14^ab	0.34 ± 0.06^b
Fructose-1-phosphate	1 ± 0.16^a	0.59 ± 0.14^ab	0.36 ± 0.06^b
Fructose-6-phosphate	1 ± 0.14	1.10 ± 0.30	1.09 ± 0.22
Fumaric acid	1 ± 0.15^b	2.80 ± 0.47^a	3.98 ± 0.40^a
Glucose	1 ± 0.06	0.93 ± 0.09	1.18 ± 0.08
Glucose-1-phosphate	1 ± 0.16	1.00 ± 0.24	0.70 ± 0.12
Glucose-6-phosphate	1 ± 0.04^a	0.81 ± 0.05^b	0.76 ± 0.05^b
Glucuronic acid	1 ± 0.05^b	1.33 ± 0.10^a	1.34 ± 0.07^a
Glycerol-α-phosphate	1 ± 0.20^b	1.88 ± 0.28^b	3.41 ± 0.54^a
Lactic acid	1 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.09	0.70 ± 0.08
Malic acid	1 ± 0.16^b	2.91 ± 0.50^a	3.18 ± 0.34^a
Maltose	1 ± 0.08	0.82 ± 0.09	0.66 ± 0.14
Maltotriose	1 ± 0.08^a	0.78 ± 0.10^ab	0.53 ± 0.07^b
Mannose	1 ± 0.06^a	0.70 ± 0.09^b	0.46 ± 0.07^b
Myoinositol	1 ± 0.05	1.14 ± 0.09	1.24 ± 0.09
Sorbitol	1 ± 0.11^a	0.60 ± 0.10^b	0.39 ± 0.04^b
Succinic acid	1 ± 0.15^b	1.43 ± 0.15^b	6.18 ± 1.96^a
Succinic acid	1 ± 0.15^b	1.43 ± 0.15^b	4.50 ± 1.09^a

Values of treatment groups are normalized to that of the control group (n = 12 per group). Values (means ± SEM) in the same row with different letters are significant at p ≤ 0.05 (FDR-adjusted p values).