Table 6.
Identified metabolites related to lipid metabolism in liver from mice fed the control diet, high-fat diet, or time-restricted feeding (TRF) of the high-fat diet.
| Control | High-fat | TRF | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arachidic acid | 1 ± 0.04b | 1.00 ± 0.08b | 1.56 ± 0.23a |
| Arachidonic acid | 1 ± 0.05b | 1.30 ± 0.06a | 1.13 ± 0.09ab |
| Behenic acid | 1 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 1.21 ± 0.10 |
| Caproic acid | 1 ± 0.08 | 1.18 ± 0.23 | 1.29 ± 0.14 |
| Cholesterol | 1 ± 0.04b | 1.35 ± 0.07a | 1.35 ± 0.04a |
| Dihydrocholesterol | 1 ± 0.12 | 1.19 ± 0.17 | 1.14 ± 0.10 |
| Ethanolamine | 1 ± 0.20b | 18.05 ± 5.16ab | 24.01 ± 6.99a |
| Glycerol | 1 ± 0.06 | 1.07 ± 0.09 | 0.76 ± 0.14 |
| Heptadecanoic acid | 1 ± 0.06 | 1.01 ± 0.13 | 1.28 ± 0.12 |
| Inositol-4-monophosphate | 1 ± 0.16b | 1.60 ± 0.14ab | 1.94 ± 0.19a |
| Linoleic acid | 1 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.07 | 0.83 ± 0.12 |
| Myristic acid | 1 ± 0.10 | 0.99 ± 0.12 | 1.33 ± 0.14 |
| Oleic acid | 1 ± 0.06 | 1.13 ± 0.11 | 1.16 ± 0.26 |
| Palmitoleic acid | 1 ± 0.07a | 0.55 ± 0.04b | 0.63 ± 0.16ab |
| Phosphate | 1 ± 0.04b | 1.18 ± 0.05a | 1.23 ± 0.05a |
| Phosphoethanolamine | 1 ± 0.09 | 1.54 ± 0.19 | 1.52 ± 0.18 |
| Squalene | 1 ± 0.16b | 2.88 ± 0.38a | 1.82 ± 0.25b |
| Stearic acid | 1 ± 0.09 | 1.06 ± 0.16 | 1.24 ± 0.14 |
| Undecanoic acid | 1 ± 0.09 | 1.30 ± 0.19 | 4.75 ± 2.18 |
| 1-monopalmitin | 1 ± 0.09 | 1.20 ± 0.19 | 1.34 ± 0.17 |
| 4-hydroxybutyric acid | 1 ± 0.12 | 1.22 ± 0.13 | 1.09 ± 0.17 |
Values of treatment groups are normalized to that of the control group (n = 12 per group). Values (means ± SEM) in the same row with different letters are significant at p ≤ 0.05 (FDR-adjusted p values).