Table 3.

Evidence grade (only used in the area of epidemiology and prevention)

Convincing	There is sufficient evidence to conclude with certainty that there is an association with cancer risk, and preventive actions are recommended
Probable	There is sufficient evidence to conclude with near certainty that there is an association with cancer risk, and preventive actions are generally recommended
Limited-suggestive	Cannot be judged as "Convincing" or "Probable," but there is evidence to suggest an association with cancer risk
Limited-no conclusion	Insufficient data to draw conclusions about the association with cancer risk
Substantial effect on risk unlikely	There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is no substantial effect on the risk of carcinogenesis

Evidence grade was determined based on “Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, 2nd Edition (2007)” published by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) (https://wcrf.org/) [7]