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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 29.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Jun 11;2(6):392–398. doi: 10.1038/s41551-018-0244-8

Fig. 1. Pluripotent stem cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration.

Fig. 1.

Patient-specific hiPSCs reprogrammed from somatic cells or hESCs derived from fertilized embryos are differentiated into cells with different cardiac lineages: cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), epicardial cells (EPIs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Fibroblasts (FBs) are reprogrammed directly into CMs, CPCs or ECs via transfection of transcription factors. OSKM: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. MTGNB: Mesp1, Tbx5, Gata4, Nkx2.5, and Baf60c. GMTH: Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, and Hand2. ETV2, ETS variant 2.