Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 29.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Jun 11;2(6):392–398. doi: 10.1038/s41551-018-0244-8

Fig. 3. Mechanisms of cell-based therapy for cardiovascular regeneration.

Fig. 3.

Depending on cell types and delivery routes, one or more mechanisms may be used. When a combination of cell types is introduced, synergistic effects may occur to promote therapeutic efficacy. Progenitor cells including CPCs and EPCs, as well as epicardial cells, can further differentiate into other functional cells and may regenerate multiple cell types after transplantation. Extracellular matrix may be supplied through tissue patches to support stem cell survival and reverse heart remodelling.