TABLE 2.
Participants’ characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Age (mean ± SD), years | Gender (male/female) | Education (mean ± SD), years | Baseline assessment | Baseline cognitive score (mean ± SD)/median (IQR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHM group | Placebo group | CHM group | Placebo group | CHM group | Placebo group | CHM group | Placebo group | ||
| Zhou et al. (2007) | 70.93 ± 6.41 | 68.51 ± 5.93 | 21/21 | 20/17 | Not reported | Not reported | MMSE | 25.93 ± 1.10 | 25.70 ± 1.18 |
| Wu et al. (2010) | 74.26 ± 6.67 | 74.38 ± 6.22 | 36/29 | 41/22 | Not reported | Not reported | MMSE | 24.69 ± 1.49 | 24.44 ± 1.62 |
| Dai et al. (2011) | 70.50 ± 7.20 | 69.30 ± 8.10 | 12/13 | 10/15 | 10.28 | 11.35 | MMSE | 23.90 ± 2.37 | 24.10 ± 2.32 |
| Huang et al. (2013) | Data for the whole sample | Data for the whole sample: 57/47 | Not reported | Not reported | MMSE | 26.07 ± 0.93 | 26.19 ± 1.12 | ||
| Male: 61.54 ± 8.37 | MoCA | 19.40 ± 3.37 | 19.71 ± 2.90 | ||||||
| Female: 60.90 ± 9.16 | |||||||||
| Su (2013) | 82.19 ± 3.43 | 81.53 ± 3.96 | 35/13 | 32/17 | Primary school and below (n = 23), secondary school (n = 18), university and above (n = 7) | Primary school and below (n = 28), secondary school (n = 16), university and above (n = 5) | MMSE | 23.23 ± 1.64 | 23.80 ± 1.96 |
| MoCA | 21.15 ± 2.49 | 20.63 ± 3.24 | |||||||
| Liu (2014) | 64.65 ± 7.70 | 65.14 ± 6.46 | 12/11 | 13/9 | Not reported | Not reported | MMSE | 23.87 ± 0.87 | 23.68 ± 0.78 |
| MoCA | 21.57 ± 1.12 | 21.36 ± 1.05 | |||||||
| Shi et al. (2015) | 70.30 ± 18.80 | 69.80 ± 19.60 | 21/14 | 23/12 | 7.40 ± 3.40 | 7.20 ± 4.20 | MMSE | 14.80 ± 3.10 | 15.10 ± 3.50 |
| Wu (2016) | 66.05 ± 9.80 | 67.47 ± 8.98 | 26/36 | 7/9 | 11.27 ± 3.27 | 11.10 ± 3.42 | MMSE | 26.38 ± 2.08 | 25.80 ± 3.08 |
| Zhang et al. (2016) | 66.00 ± 6.86 | 63.33 ± 6.65 | 16/14 | 12/18 | 10.37 ± 3.41 | 10.33 ± 3.53 | MMSE | 26.00 ± 2.05 | 26.67 ± 1.45 |
| Park et al. (2019) | 61.80 ± 6.90 | 62.60 ± 6.30 | 15/30 | 15/30 | Not reported | Not reported | K-MMSE | 27.85 ± 1.11 | 27.73 ± 1.07 |
| Lu et al. (2020) | 65.56 ± 8.32 | 65.97 ± 7.89 | 22/23 | 20/17 | 11.56 ± 3.93 | 11.55 ± 4.62 | MMSE | 25.53 ± 3.70 | 26.27 ± 4.05 |
| (Chen et al., 2021) | 69.40 ± 8.20 | 67.20 ± 8.60 | 32/25 | 31/15 | Not reported | Not reported | MoCA | 19.20 ± 5.10 | 18.00 ± 5.10 |
| Shin et al. (2021) | 70.20 ± 7.60 | 70.10 ± 6.40 | 10/6 | 7/7 | 12.2 ± 3.60 | 12.30 ± 4.70 | K-MMSE | 28.5 (26.3–29.0) | 26.0 (24.8–28.3) |
| a 27.71 ± 2.34 | a 26.48 ± 2.99 | ||||||||
Abbreviations: CHM, chinese herbal medicine; IQR, interquartile range; K-MMSE, Korean version Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, montreal cognitive assessment; SD, standard deviation.
a
The mean and SD, value was estimated using the Box-Cox method (McGrath et al., 2020).