Table 2. Preintervention and Postintervention SMDs for Each Surveyed Outcome.
| Measured outcome | SMD (95% CI)a |
|---|---|
| MBI-HSS(MP) subcategory | |
| Emotional exhaustion | −0.74 (−0.45 to −1.02) |
| Depersonalization | −0.75 (−0.47 to −1.03) |
| Personal achievement | 0.20 (−0.08 to 0.47) |
| Secondary outcomes survey | |
| Ability to acquire clinical skills | −0.23 (−0.50 to 0.05) |
| Ability to attend educational activities | 1.11 (0.81 to 1.40) |
| Ability to participate in scholarly activity | 2.10 (1.76 to 2.44) |
| Ability to acquire clinical reasoning skills | −0.21 (−0.49 to 0.06) |
| Availability of inpatient encounters | −0.70 (−0.97 to −0.41) |
| Availability of elective encounters | 1.19 (0.89 to 1.48) |
| Availability of continuity clinic encounters | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.55) |
| Professionalism | 0.57 (0.29 to 0.85) |
| Job satisfaction | 1.28 (0.98 to 1.58) |
| Morale | 1.71 (1.39 to 2.03) |
| Time for activities outside of clinical setting | 2.14 (1.80 to 2.14) |
| Satisfaction with career choice | 1.19 (0.89 to 1.19) |
| Health | 1.92 (1.58 to 2.24) |
| Time for friends and family | 2.13 (1.79 to 2.13) |
| Overall well-being | 2.08 (1.74 to 2.42) |
Abbreviations: MBI-HSS(MP), Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel; SMD, standardized mean difference.
a
The SMD is the difference in 2 sample means divided by the pooled SD (calculated using Cohen’s D); SMDs of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 indicate small, moderate, and large effect sizes, respectively. For emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales, a negative SMD indicates an improvement. For all other outcomes, a positive SMD indicates an improvement.