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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Sch Nurs. 2022 Jun 1;40(4):372–379. doi: 10.1177/10598405221099484

Table 4.

Selected Characteristics Associated with Knowledge Index.

Failing
Knowledge
Index
(0-4
correct)
Passing
Knowledge
Index
(5-7
correct)
p-value*
total % total %
Years as HPWS .0236
 <6 years 265 39.6 243 33
 6-15 years 226 33.8 291 39.5
 16+ 178 26.6 203 27.5
Student population .257
 PreK-elementary only 270 40.3 281 38.2
 mix of grades 204 30.5 254 34.6
 middle-high only 196 29.3 200 27.2 <.0001
Confidence Index <.0001
 Low 266 41.2 122 17.3
 Moderate 334 51.7 422 59.9
 High 46 7.1 161 22.8 <.0001
Experience Index <.0001
 None 263 40.9 186 25.8
 Low 141 21.9 116 16.1
 Moderate 153 23.8 258 35.7
 High 86 13.4 162 22.4 <.0001
Risk Perception <.0001
 Low 109 16.7 67 9.4
 Moderate 304 46.7 333 46.8
 High 238 36.6 312 43.8
Prior training on TBD .0007
 Yes 102 16.5 163 24
 No 518 83.6 516 76
Knowledge of NYSCSH materials a .0036
 Yes 112 26.4 168 35.4
 No 312 73.6 306 64.6
*

p-value shows chi-square test of homogeneity between groups of knowledge score within each variable, values <0.05 show association between each variable and knowledge score.

a

New York State participants only.