Table 2.
Diagnostic, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics of Depressed Patients by Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Status (N = 595)a
| Non-SUD (N = 487) |
SUD (N = 108) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % | SEM | % | SEM | ORb (95% CI) |
| Axis I: comorbidity (other than SUD) | 56.7 | 2.7 | 59.5 | 5.6 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.8) |
| Axis II: any comorbidity | 25.6 | 2.4 | 41.6 | 5.6 | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.8) |
| Axis III: medical comorbidity | 50.5 | 3.0 | 55.4 | 6.1 | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) |
| Axis V: GAF score < 50 | 19.3 | 2.6 | 27.1 | 5.2 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.4) |
| Current treatment (all that apply) | |||||
| Psychiatric management | 77.4 | 2.7 | 69.6 | 5.8 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.3) |
| Individual therapy | 46.9 | 3.3 | 44.2 | 6.2 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) |
| Initial evaluation | 13.4 | 1.9 | 14.7 | 4.1 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.6) |
| ECT | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.2 (0.1 to 9.2)c |
| Family therapy | 2.9 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 (0.1 to 4.7) |
| Group therapy | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.9 (0.1 to 5.5)c |
| Other | 1.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 4.1 (0.4 to 45.7)c |
| Past treatments (all that apply) | |||||
| Psychiatric management | 34.8 | 2.8 | 41.9 | 5.4 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) |
| Individual therapy | 30.0 | 2.8 | 30.2 | 5.0 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) |
| Initial evaluation | 13.8 | 2.0 | 16.1 | 3.9 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.3) |
| Family therapy | 4.5 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.5 (0.1 to 3.9) |
| Group therapy | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.3 (0.0 to 2.6) |
| ECT | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Light | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 0.5 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 8.9 (1.2 to 67.4)c |
| Current treatment by other providers | |||||
| Non-psychiatrist MD | 13.7 | 2.2 | 15.6 | 5.0 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.0) |
| Psychiatrist | 5.4 | 1.3 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 1.34 (0.4 to 4.1) |
| Psychologist | 11.2 | 2.0 | 10.8 | 3.4 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.9) |
| Social worker | 14.8 | 2.3 | 13.7 | 4.3 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.0) |
| Nurse | 4.1 | 1.1 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.5) |
| Other mental health provider | 5.5 | 1.5 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.4) |
| Other provider | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 (0.1 to 2.9) |
| Medications (all that apply) | |||||
| Antidepressants | 83.3 | 1.9 | 86.4 | 3.9 | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.4) |
| Benzodiazepines | 36.9 | 2.9 | 31.4 | 5.1 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) |
| Mood stabilizers | 6.9 | 1.5 | 10.9 | 4.1 | 1.5 (0.6 to 4.1) |
| Antipsychotics | 12.7 | 2.1 | 9.4 | 2.6 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) |
| Stimulants | 6.6 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 2.2 | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.1) |
| Antialcohol | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 63.3 (5.8 to 685.7)c |
| Other medications | 9.7 | 1.7 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.5) |
| Treatment visits (all that apply) | |||||
| Any visits in the past month | 64.5 | 2.8 | 61.6 | 6.0 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) |
| Any visits in the past week | 26.1 | 2.8 | 34.4 | 6.0 | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.4) |
a
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, ECT = electroconvulsive therapy, GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning, OR = odds ratio.
b
OR adjusted for gender, age, Axis II comorbidity, treatment setting, other managed care health plan, and public non–managed care health plan.
c
OR is not reliable owing to small cell sizes.