Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the intention-to-treat population
| Characteristics | Total (n = 331) | Dexmedetomidine group (n = 165) | Placebo group (n = 166) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative characteristics | |||
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 73 (5) | 73 (5) | 73 (5) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 80 (24.2) | 37 (22.4) | 43 (25.9) |
| Body weight (kg), mean (SD) | 78 (15) | 79 (17) | 76 (13) |
| Euroscore, mean (SD) | 4.3 (2.8) | 4.3 (2.7) | 4.2 (2.8) |
| Pre-Deliric score, mean (SD) | 16.4 (7.6) | 16.8 (7.9) | 16 (7.3) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 181 (55.2) | 89 (54.9) | 92 (55.4) |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 61 (18.6) | 29 (17.9) | 32 (19.3) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 60 (9.8) | 60.5 (10.1) | 59.4 (9.5) |
| Treated hypertension, n (%) | 232 (70.7) | 118 (72.8) | 114 (68.7) |
| Arrhythmiaa, n (%) | 63 (19.2) | 31 (19.1) | 32 (19.3) |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 29 (9.1) | 15 (9.4) | 14 (8.9) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 74 (22.4) | 30 (18.2) | 44 (26.5) |
| Renal function, n (%) | |||
| Normal | 285 (86.1) | 139 (84.2) | 146 (88) |
| Mildly impaired (GFR: 60–89 ml/min) | 14 (4.2) | 10 (6) | 4 (2.4) |
| Moderately impaired (GFR: 30–59 ml/min) | 26 (7.9) | 12 (7.3) | 14 (8.4) |
| Severely impaired (GFR < 30 ml/min) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) |
| Respiratory disease, n (%) | 78 (23.6) | 46 (27.9) | 32 (19.3) |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 39 (11.8) | 22 (13.3) | 17 (10.2) |
| COPD | 25 (7.6) | 16 (9.7) | 9 (5.4) |
| Asthma | 17 (5.1) | 9 (5.5) | 8 (4.8) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 35 (10.7) | 20 (12.3) | 15 (9) |
| Operative characteristics | |||
| Type of surgery, n (%) | |||
| CABG | 181 (54.7) | 93 (56.4) | 88 (53) |
| Aortic valve replacement | 140 (42.3) | 62 (37.6) | 78 (47) |
| Mitral valve replacement | 38 (11.5) | 20 (12.1) | 18 (10.8) |
| Aortic surgery | 26 (7.9) | 13 (7.9) | 13 (7.8) |
| Combined surgery (CABG and valve) | 53 (16) | 25 (15.2) | 28 (16.9) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass, n (%) | 314 (95.4) | 155 (94.5) | 159 (95.8) |
| Bypass duration (min), mean (SD) | 110 (55) | 113 (55) | 108 (55) |
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | |||
| RBC | 51 (19.7) | 25 (19.4) | 26 (20) |
| FFP | 23 (8.9) | 13 (10.1) | 10 (7.7) |
| Vasoactive drugs, n (%) | |||
| Norepinephrine | 246 (95) | 122 (94.6) | 124 (95.4) |
| Epinephrine | 9 (3.5) | 5 (3.8) | 4 (3.1) |
| Dobutamine | 47 (18.1) | 24 (18.5) | 23 (17.7) |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) or number (percentage) as appropriate
CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate, FFP Fresh Frozen Plasma, Pre-Deliric PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients, RBC Red Blood Cell, SD Standard Deviation
aThis comorbidity encompass atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter