Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics (REPLICCAR II, São Paulo, Brazil, 2023).
| Characteristics | Total | Group 1 (n=2596) | Group 2 (n=416) | Group 3 (n=32) | Group 4 (n=46) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Age (years)* | 63 (57-70) | 63 (57-69) | 64 (57-70) | 62.5 (56.75-69.25) | 66 (60-70) | 0.41 | |||||
| Gender (female) | 797 | 25.79 | 687 | 26.46 | 95 | 22.84 | 8 | 25.00 | 7 | 15.22 | 0.16 |
| Urgent admission | 592 | 19.16 | 481 | 18.53 | 84 | 20.19 | 15 | 46.88 | 12 | 26.09 | 0.001 |
| Body mass index | |||||||||||
| < 18.5 | 34 | 1.10 | 29 | 1.12 | 5 | 1.20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 18.5-24.9 | 906 | 29.32 | 762 | 29.35 | 124 | 29.81 | 8 | 25.00 | 12 | 26.09 | 0.81 |
| 25-29.9 | 780 | 25.24 | 669 | 25.77 | 94 | 22.60 | 8 | 25.00 | 9 | 19.57 | |
| ≥ 30 | 1370 | 44.34 | 1136 | 43.76 | 193 | 46.39 | 16 | 50.00 | 25 | 54.35 | |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1616 | 52.30 | 1368 | 52.70 | 206 | 49.52 | 14 | 43.75 | 28 | 60.87 | 0.45 |
| Systemic arterial hypertension | 2699 | 87.35 | 2268 | 87.37 | 370 | 88.94 | 28 | 87.50 | 33 | 71.74 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1511 | 48.90 | 1251 | 48.19 | 219 | 52.64 | 20 | 62.50 | 21 | 45.65 | 0.14 |
| Cerebrovascular disease1 | 280 | 9.06 | 226 | 8.71 | 45 | 10.82 | 3 | 9.38 | 6 | 13.04 | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 47 | 1.52 | 40 | 1.54 | 4 | 0.96 | 3 | 9.38 | 0 | 0.00 | - |
| Ejection fraction < 30% | 48 | 1.55 | 34 | 1.31 | 12 | 2.88 | 2 | 6.25 | 0 | 0.00 | - |
| Kidney failure | 204 | 6.60 | 161 | 6.20 | 31 | 7.45 | 5 | 15.63 | 7 | 15.22 | < 0.001 |
| CCS angina classification | |||||||||||
| 4 | 302 | 9.77 | 252 | 9.71 | 41 | 9.86 | 3 | 9.38 | 6 | 13.04 | 0.83 |
| NYHA classification | |||||||||||
| I and II | 2692 | 87.12 | 2272 | 87.52 | 352 | 84.62 | 29 | 90.63 | 39 | 84.78 | 0.03 |
| III and IV | 398 | 12.88 | 324 | 12.48 | 64 | 15.38 | 3 | 9.38 | 7 | 15.22 | |
| STS score (mortality)* | 0.64 (0.42-1.01) | 0.63 (0.41-0.99) | 0.65 (0.43-1.09) | 0.78 (0.40-1.49) | 0.74 (0.54-1.33) | 0.04 | |||||
| Intraoperative period | |||||||||||
| Surgery time (hours)** | 4.52 1.43 | 4.43±1.43 | 4.85±1.26 | 6.64±1 | 6.28±1.13 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (minutes)** |
76.78±27.53 | 71.06±23.3 | 97.51±18.81 | 149.84±10.81 | 161.04±21.65 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Aortic cross-clamping time (minutes)** |
58.22±23.36 | 56.5±22.1 | 58.49±17.11 | 130.53±11.48 | 102.52±24.53 | < 0.001 | |||||
| TDC-C (minutes)** | 18.56±12.07 | 14.56±5.93 | 39.02±9 | 19.31±6.66 | 58.52±27.74 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Postoperative period | |||||||||||
| Reoperation | 114 | 3.69 | 85 | 3.27 | 22 | 5.29 | 3 | 9.38 | 4 | 8.70 | 0.01 |
| CVA | 41 | 1.33 | 23 | 0.89 | 14 | 3.37 | 3 | 9.38 | 1 | 2.17 | < 0.001 |
| Kidney failure | 193 | 6.25 | 141 | 5.43 | 41 | 9.86 | 3 | 9.38 | 8 | 17.39 | < 0.001 |
| Prolonged ventilation (> 24 hours) |
39 | 1.26 | 32 | 1.23 | 3 | 0.72 | 2 | 6.25 | 2 | 4.35 | 0.02 |
| Surgical wound infection | 67 | 2.17 | 53 | 2.04 | 12 | 2.88 | 1 | 3.13 | 1 | 2.17 | 0.46 |
| In-hospital mortality | 93 | 3.01 | 62 | 2.39 | 21 | 5.05 | 3 | 9.38 | 7 | 15.22 | < 0.001 |
CCS=Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CVA=cerebrovascular accident; NYHA=New York Heart Association; REPLICCAR=Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular; STS=Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TDC-C=time difference between cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping times
1Cerebrovascular disease: CVA, transient ischemic attack, or carotid stenosis
*Median and interquartile range
**Mean and standard deviation