Table I.
Systemic pathological conditions in humans that were linked to an exposure to air- and waterborne particulate pollutants.
| Medical condition/disorder | Type of particulate matter | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory disorders (e.g., asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and malignant lung tumors) | Unspecified/diverse | 182 |
| PM2.5 | 183–186 | |
| Diesel exhaust & traffic-related air pollution | 89–91, 187 | |
| Mineral dust (e.g., asbestos, silica) | 72, 73, 188–191 | |
| Smoke (including tobacco smoke and black carbon) | 53, 56, 192–197 | |
| Desert dust | 198, 199 | |
| Metal dust | 200, 201 | |
| (Inhalable) Microplastics | 92, 166, 202–204 | |
| Carbon nanotubes | 205, 206 | |
| Allergies | Pet dander, dust mite allergens | 182, 207, 208 |
| Traffic-related air pollution | 91 | |
| Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) | PM2.5 | 98, 105 |
| Smoke (including tobacco smoke and black carbon) | 99–101, 209 | |
| Microplastics | 167 | |
| Disorders of the female reproductive system and effects on the fetal development | PM2.5 | 210, 211 |
| Smoke (including tobacco smoke and black carbon) | 212 | |
| Ocular diseases | PM2.5 | 147, 151, 152, 213–217 |
| PM10 | 218–220 | |
| Mineral dust (e.g., TiO2) | 221 | |
| Cardiovascular disorders (e.g., carditis, and thrombosis) | Unspecified/diverse | 222, 223 |
| PM2.5 | 161, 162, 224–228 | |
| Diesel exhaust and traffic-related air pollution | 229, 230 | |
| Smoke (including tobacco smoke and black carbon) | 194, 231, 232 | |
| Desert dust | 199 | |
| Microplastics | 233 | |
| Neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) | PM2.5 | 164 |
| Diesel exhaust and traffic-related air pollution | 165, 168 | |
| Microplastics | 92, 166, 167 |