Table 2. Invertebrate and fish stable isotope signatures.
| Consumer | Dates Collected | N | δ13C (‰) | δ15N (‰) | δ34S (‰) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terr 1: Riverine Insects | 8 | -26.25 ± 2.08 | 1.77 ± 2.23 | 6.58 ± 1.44 | |
| Coleoptera–Coccinellidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -25.29 ± N/A | 2.58 ± N/A | 7.57 ± N/A |
| Coleoptera–Coleoptera (other) | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -23.47 ± N/A | 2.63 ± N/A | 7.58 ± N/A |
| Hemiptera–Aphidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 2 | -25.93 ± 2.85 | 0.59 ± 2.87 | 5.89 ± 2.07 |
| Hemiptera–Cicadellidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -25.31 ± N/A | 4.53 ± N/A | 6.31 ± N/A |
| Hymenoptera | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 2 | -27.38 ± 0.83 | 2.29 ± 2.09 | 6.52 ± 2.68 |
| Lepidoptera | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -29.28 ± N/A | -1.37 ± N/A | 6.38 ± N/A |
| Terr 2: Marsh Insects | 5 | -24.01 ± 2.14 | 5.77 ± 1.31 | 8.76 ± 5.65 | |
| Hemiptera–Cicadellidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 3 | -23.12 ± 2.33 | 4.90 ± 0.74 | 6.80 ± 6.36 |
| Hemiptera–Lygaeidae | June 8–July 3, 2015 | 1 | -24.48 ± N/A | 7.07 ± N/A | 14.69 ± N/A |
| Lepidoptera | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -26.22 ± N/A | 7.09 ± N/A | 8.72 ± N/A |
| Terr 3: Saldidae | 3 | -19.40 ± 0.69 | 7.87 ± 0.73 | 9.16 ± 4.92 | |
| Hemiptera–Saldidae | June 8–July 3, 2015 | 3 | -19.40 ± 0.69 | 7.87 ± 0.73 | 9.16 ± 4.92 |
| Terr 4: Dolichopodidae | 12 | -21.41 ± 1.21 | 8.98 ± 1.07 | 9.81 ± 2.92 | |
| Diptera–Dolichopodidae | June 8–July 3, 2015 | 12 | -21.41 ± 1.21 | 8.98 ± 1.07 | 9.81 ± 2.92 |
| Terr 5: Ephydridae | 11 | -23.77 ± 2.38 | 8.95 ± 1.07 | 10.16 ± 2.01 | |
| Diptera–Ephydridae | June 8–July 3, 2015 | 11 | -23.77 ± 2.38 | 8.95 ± 1.07 | 10.16 ± 2.01 |
| Terr 6: Riverine Dipterans | 7 | -30.10 ± 4.37 | 6.30 ± 1.47 | 9.23 ± 1.36 | |
| Diptera–Brachycera | June 8–July 3, 2015 | 2 | -25.70 ± 1.17 | 6.35 ± 0.26 | 8.41 ± 0.93 |
| Diptera–Chironomidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 4 | -33.26 ± 2.59 | 7.01 ± 0.88 | 10.27 ± 0.88 |
| Diptera–Sciomyzidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -26.29 ± N/A | 3.38 ± N/A | 7.75 ± N/A |
| Terr 7: Marsh Dipterans | 4 | -22.31 ± 3.24 | 7.28 ± 0.20 | 10.92 ± 2.77 | |
| Diptera–Chironomidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -25.74 ± N/A | 7.57 ± N/A | 7.92 ± N/A |
| Diptera–Muscidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 1 | -24.31 ± N/A | 7.14 ± N/A | 9.21 ± N/A |
| Diptera–Tipulidae | June 8–June 12, 2015 | 2 | -19.60 ± 1.04 | 7.21 ± 0.06 | 13.27 ± 0.37 |
| Aq 1: Riverine Isopods | 3 | -19.59 ± 2.35 | 7.60 ± 0.45 | 19.47 ± 0.09 | |
| Gnorimosphaeroma oregonensis | May 28–June 3, 2015 | 3 | -19.59 ± 2.35 | 7.60 ± 0.45 | 19.47 ± 0.09 |
| Aq 2: Marsh Isopods | 3 | -17.24 ± 0.77 | 8.07 ± 0.36 | 20.08 ± 1.05 | |
| Gnorimosphaeroma oregonensis | June 2–June 3, 2015 | 3 | -17.24 ± 0.77 | 8.07 ± 0.36 | 20.08 ± 1.05 |
| Aq 3: Riverine Mysids | 11 | -17.33 ± 4.94 | 10.57 ± 3.26 | 16.21 ± 0.51 | |
| Neomysis mercedis | June 2–June 3, 2015 | 11 | -17.33 ± 4.94 | 10.57 ± 3.26 | 16.21 ± 0.51 |
| Aq 4: Marsh Mysids | 3 | -14.59 ± 0.16 | 11.29 ± 0.44 | 17.72 ± 0.17 | |
| Neomysis mercedis | June 2–June 3, 2015 | 3 | -14.59 ± 0.16 | 11.29 ± 0.44 | 17.72 ± 0.17 |
| Aq 5: Delta Mysids | 8 | -13.99 ± 1.72 | 10.98 ± 0.81 | 17.05 ± 0.59 | |
| Neomysis mercedis | June 2–June 3, 2015 | 8 | -13.99 ± 1.72 | 10.98 ± 0.81 | 17.05 ± 0.59 |
| Aq 6: Delta Shrimp | 3 | -13.23 ± 0.26 | 12 ± 0.16 | 18.02 ± 0.55 | |
| Crangon sp. | June 2–June 3, 2015 | 3 | -13.23 ± 0.26 | 12 ± 0.16 | 18.02 ± 0.55 |
| Ben 1: Riverine Crustaceans | 11 | -20.79 ± 2.83 | 8.75 ± 2.28 | 15.03 ± 3.04 | |
| Amphipoda–Ampithoe sp. | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 4 | -21.88 ± 3.33 | 7.61 ± 1.63 | 16.17 ± 3.96 |
| Amphipoda–Corophiidae | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 6 | -20.37 ± 2.74 | 9.80 ± 2.40 | 14.07 ± 2.57 |
| Cumacea | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 1 | -18.96 ± N/A | 6.96 ± N/A | 16.25 ± N/A |
| Ben 2: Marsh Crustaceans | 12 | -17.20 ± 1.28 | 10.28 ± 1.44 | 15.80 ± 2.43 | |
| Amphipoda–Ampithoe sp. | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 5 | -17.87 ± 1.78 | 9.78 ± 1.17 | 15.99 ± 3.04 |
| Amphipoda–Corophiidae | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 6 | -16.54 ± 0.19 | 10.88 ± 1.60 | 15.68 ± 2.26 |
| Copepoda–Harpacticoida | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 1 | -17.74 ± N/A | 9.25 ± N/A | N/A |
| Ben 3: Delta Crustaceans | 16 | -13.53 ± 1.74 | 9.73 ± 1.01 | 16.11 ± 1.61 | |
| Amphipoda–Ampithoe sp. | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 5 | -14.50 ± 1.55 | 9.39 ± 0.39 | 16.99 ± 1.29 |
| Amphipoda–Corophiidae | May 28–June 8, 2015 | 6 | -14.24 ± 1.14 | 9.82 ± 0.13 | 16.07 ± 1.50 |
| Amphipoda–Eogammarus sp. | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 1 | -11.63 ± N/A | 12.90 ± N/A | 16.54 ± N/A |
| Copepoda–Harpacticoida | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 1 | -11.74 ± N/A | 9.63 ± N/A | N/A |
| Cumacea | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 2 | -10.87 ± 0.76 | 8.46 ± 0.59 | 13.11 ± N/A |
| Tanaidacea | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 1 | -13.44 ± N/A | 10.35 ± N/A | 14.50 ± N/A |
| Ben 4: Riverine Larvae | 12 | -21.10 ± 3.96 | 7.05 ± 1.16 | 12.18 ± 1.33 | |
| Diptera–Ceraptogonidae | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 2 | -18.14 ± 3.55 | 6.55 ± 0.95 | N/A |
| Diptera–Chironomidae | June 2–July 3, 2015 | 5 | -21.33 ± 1.36 | 7.69 ± 1.48 | 11.49 ± 1.49 |
| Diptera–Dolichopodidae | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 1 | -16.89 ± N/A | 7.71 ± N/A | 14.07 ± N/A |
| Diptera–Trichoptera | June 2–June 5, 2015 | 4 | -23.34 ± 5.69 | 6.35 ± 0.19 | 12.57 ± 0.43 |
| Ben 5: Riverine Polychaetes | 8 | -23.43 ± 3.80 | 9.12 ± 1.74 | 12.13 ± 4.29 | |
| Neanthes sp. | May 28–June 8, 2015 | 8 | -23.43 ± 3.80 | 9.12 ± 1.74 | 12.13 ± 4.29 |
| Ben 6: Delta Polychaetes | 20 | -14.01 ± 1.77 | 13.32 ± 2.92 | 15.73 ± 30 | |
| Eteone sp. | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 6 | -12.86 ± 0.56 | 15.26 ± 0.91 | 15.64 ± 0.14 |
| Glycera nana | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 2 | -13.89 ± 0.02 | 14.98 ± 0.46 | 15.39 ± 0.67 |
| Goniada brunea | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 2 | -15.22 ± 0.17 | 13.04 ± 0.61 | 10.96 ± 2.35 |
| Neanthes sp. | May 28–June 8, 2015 | 3 | -13.14 ± 0.12 | 12.95 ± 1.46 | 14.85 ± 3.44 |
| Phyllodocidae | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 1 | -12.78 ± N/A | 14.52 ± N/A | 15.32 ± N/A |
| Sabellidae | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 1 | -13.62 ± N/A | 14.92 ± N/A | 17.39 ± N/A |
| Spionidae | June 2–June 8, 2015 | 5 | -15.79 ± 2.59 | 10.11 ± 4.17 | 19.37 ± 0.34 |
| Fish 1: Riverine Salmon (2015) | May 27, 2015 | 4 | -20.49 ± 1.25 | 11.10 ± 1.11 | 11.39 ± 5.22 |
| Fish 2: Marsh Salmon (2015) | May 22–July 7, 2015 | 19 | -19.26 ± 2.19 | 11.56 ± 1.30 | 12.61 ± 3.84 |
| Fish 3: Delta Salmon (2015) | May 22–July 7, 2015 | 8 | -18.27 ± 2.57 | 11.15 ± 1.34 | 11.97 ± 3.11 |
| Fish 4: Riverine Salmon (2011) | May 11–May 25, 2011 | 10 | -24.84 ± 1.74 | 10.68 ± 0.67 | 7.29 ± 1.65 |
| Fish 5: Marsh Salmon (2011) | June 6–June 23, 2011 | 10 | -21.03 ± 3.97 | 11.59 ± 1.10 | 11.04 ± 3.29 |
| Fish 6: Delta Salmon (2011) | June 8–June 24, 2011 | 14 | -18.93 ± 2.42 | 11.35 ± 1.54 | 12.65 ± 2.98 |
| Fish 7: Marsh Sculpin (2011) | June 6–June 23, 2011 | 15 | -15.98 ± 1.50 | 12.44 ± 0.43 | 15.46 ± 1.29 |
Stable isotope signatures (mean ± SD), collection dates, and number of composite samples collected (N) for terrestrial (Terr), aquatic (Aq), and benthic (Ben) invertebrates and fish in the Nisqually River Delta [84]. Isotopic signatures for broader consumer groups are shown in italics. The “riverine” groups include invertebrates and fish from the freshwater and tidal-forested habitats, the “marsh” groups from the transitional and emergent salt marsh habitats, and the “delta” groups from the mudflat and eelgrass habitats unless otherwise specified. Consumer groups were used in a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model to evaluate relative contributions of primary producers to invertebrate consumer diets and relative contributions of invertebrates to fish consumer diets.