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. 2023 Jul 20;15(3):157–190. doi: 10.1093/procel/pwad045

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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Higher Education Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Ubiquitination regulates cellular osmolality by targeting multiple channel proteins. RNF183, Nedd4-2, WWP2, and other E3 ligases are involved in the regulation of osmotic stress.