Table 5.
Multivariable analysis of life style of study participants.
| Life style | Total (N = 336) | Typhoid fever positive (N = 70) | p value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do you know about typhoid fever? | ||||
| Yes | 328 (97.61) | 66 (20.12) | 0.043 | 5.243 (1.052–26.119) |
| No | 8 (2.38) | 4 (50) | — | 1 |
|
| ||||
| If yes, state knowledge source | ||||
| Hospital | 69 (20.53) | 19 (27.53) | 0.175 | 0.586 (0.271–1.269) |
| School | 117 (34.82) | 24 (20.51) | 0.561 | 0.811 (0.401–1.642) |
| Media | 27 (8.03) | 6 (22.22) | 0.968 | 1.023 (0.333–3.147) |
| Street | 123 (36.60) | 21 (17.07) | — | 1 |
|
| ||||
| Typhoid transmission route | ||||
| Soiled food | 174 (51.78) | 38 (21.83) | 0.303 | 2.026 (0.528–7.777) |
| Blood route | 13 (3.86) | 2 (15.38) | 0.566 | 1.812 (0.238–13.802) |
| Contact with a sick person | 41 (12.20) | 10 (24.39) | 0.276 | 2.335 (0.508–10.727) |
| Soiled water | 96 (28.57) | 17 (17.70) | 0.099 | 3.311 (0.800–13.707) |
| From mother to child | 12 (3.57) | 3 (25) | — | 1 |
|
| ||||
| Hygiene measures against typhoid | ||||
| Do not wash hands after bowel movements | 86 (25.59) | 11 (12.79) | 0.004 | 3.740 (1.515–9.234) |
| Hand washing before and after meal | 46 (13.69) | 10 (21.73) | 0.152 | 2.095 (0.762–5.761) |
| Washing fruits and vegetables before consumption | 82 (24.40) | 17 (20.73) | 0.093 | 2.085 (0.883–4.922) |
| Hand washing after returning from public places | 70 (20.83) | 15 (21.42) | 0.217 | 1.724 (0.726–4.093) |
| Washing hands after greeting a loved one | 52 (15.47) | 17 (32.69) | — | 1 |
|
| ||||
| Drinking water used | ||||
| Camwater | 82 (24.40) | 22 (26.82) | 0.192 | 0.326 (0.060–1.758) |
| Rain water | 6 (1.78) | 1 (16.66) | 0.553 | 0.436 (0.028–6.783) |
| Well | 21 (6.25) | 7 (33.33) | 0.156 | 0.258 (0.040–1.676) |
| River | 14 (4.16) | 4 (28.57) | 0.193 | 0.258 (0.034–1.980) |
| Drilled holes (bore holes) | 200 (59.52) | 34 (17) | 0.645 | 0.679 (0.132–3.510) |
| Mineral | 13 (3.86) | 2 (15.38) | — | 1 |
|
| ||||
| Hygiene measures used to make water safe to drink | ||||
| Chlorination | 48 (14.28) | 8 (16.66) | 0.104 | 2.104 (0.858–5.160) |
| Filtration | 84 (25) | 13 (15.47) | 0.089 | 1.910 (0.906–4.031) |
| Boiling | 13 (3.86) | 2 (15.38) | 0.182 | 3.148 (0.585–16.931) |
| Decanting | 21 (6.25) | 2 (9.52) | 0.149 | 3.093 (0.668–14.327) |
| None | 170 (50.59) | 45 (26.47) | — | 1 |
∗ Values in brackets are in percentage (%). In column two, the denominator is 336. In column three, the denominator corresponds to the total of each variable in the lifestyle. Numbers in bold represent the P value of each lifestyle which is significantly different compared to the normal P value (0.05).