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. 2024 Feb 29;14:5017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55344-7

Table 2.

Floral visitors and their behaviour observed on flowers of Salvia brachyodon.

Floral visitors Flower visitor behaviour Pelješac peninsula (PE) Mt. Orjen (OR) BiH
Observation date HRV 20. & 21.7.2017 13.7. & 14.7.2017
Hymenoptera
Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 PT/NT 4♀
Bombus argillaceus (Scopoli 1763) EP 31♀, 14♂
Bombus humilis Illiger 1806 NR 9♀
Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli 1763) NR 1♀
Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus 1758) NT/NR 6♀ 5♀
Ceratina chalybea Chevrier 1872 PT 2♀ 2♀
Ceratina cucurbitina (Rossi 1792) PT 16♀
Ceratina cyanea (Kirby 1802) PT 2♀
Halictus fulvipes (Klug 1817) PT/NT 6♀
Halictus kessleri Bramson 1879 PT 3♀
Halictus patellatus Morawitz 1873 PT 2♀
Halictus scabiosae (Rossi 1790) PT 2♀
Lasioglossum convexiusculum (Schenck 1853) PT/NT 1♀, 2♂
Lasioglossum morio (Fabricius 1793) PT 2♀
Lasioglossum politum (Schenck 1853) PT 4♀
Lasioglossum puncticolle (Morawitz 1872) PT 3♀
Megachile pilicrus Morawitz 1878 PT 6♀
Megachile pilidens Alfken 1924 NT 2♂
Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille 1809) PT 3♀
Scolia hirta (Schrank, 1781) PT 1♀
Stelis nasuta (Latreille 1809) PT 2♀
Xylocopa violacea (Linnaeus 1758) NR 2♀, 1♂ 4♀
Vespidae, Eumeninae sp. NT 3♀
Lepidoptera
Sphingidae sp. NT 1
Diptera
Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776)* PT 2♂
Number of floral visitors (individuals) 14 (54) 13 (87)
Dominance* (p = 0.0008) 0.13 0.29
Eveness* (p = 0.01) 0.72 0.48
Shannon diversity index (p = 0.0182) 2.38 1.82

*recorded outside observation periods; ns—non significant; PT—pollen thief, NT—nectar thief, NR–nectar robber, EP—effective pollinator; BiH—Bosnia and Herzegovina, HRV—Croatia.