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. 2023 Sep 26;47(3):739–747. doi: 10.1007/s40618-023-02199-w

Table 2.

Main causes of hypophosphatasaemia

Clofibrate therapy Folic acid deficiency
Bisphosphonate therapy Zn2+ deficiency
Denosumab therapy Mg2+ deficiency
Corticosteroid therapy Cleidocranial dysplasia
Estrogen therapy Type II osteogenesis imperfecta
Vitamin D toxicity Wilson's disease
Radioactive heavy metals toxicity Cushing's syndrome
Cardiac surgery with bypass Hypothyroidism
Celiac disease Hypoparathyroidism
Pernicious or severe anemia Massive transfusions
Malnutrition Milk-alkali syndrome
Vitamin C deficiency Multiple myeloma
Vitamin B12 deficiency