Table 3.
Prevalence and relative risk of prenatal, delivery and postpartum SMM among individuals with stillbirth versus live birth deliveries in California, Michigan, and South Carolina
| Characteristics | Cases (Cases per 10,000 deliveries) | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stillbirths N=29,398 |
Live births N=7,299,238 |
Unadjusted RR | Adjusted RRa | Adjusted RR including comorbidity indexb | Adjusted RR including obstetric factorsc | |
| SMM | ||||||
| During delivery hospitalization | 2387 (812) | 117367 (161) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.3) | 3.7 (3.6, 3.9) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) | 3.4 (3.3, 3.6) |
| At any time during pregnancy, delivery, or within 42 days postpartum | 2644 (899) | 148481 (203) | 4.4 (4.3, 4.6) | 3.3 (3.2, 3.4) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) | 3.0 (2.9, 3.1) |
| At any time during pregnancy, delivery, or within 365 days postpartum | 2822 (960) | 166222 (228) | 4.2 (4.1, 4.4) | 3.1 (3.0, 3.2) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) | 2.9 (2.7, 3.0) |
| During pregnancy | 175 (60) | 16538 (23) | 2.6 (2.3, 3.0) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) |
| Post-discharge within 42 days postpartum | 204 (69) | 19599 (27) | 2.6 (2.3, 3.0) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.2) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.0) |
| Post-discharge within 365 days postpartum | 459 (156) | 39691 (54) | 2.9 (2.6, 3.1) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.3) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) |
| Non-transfusion SMM | ||||||
| During delivery hospitalization | 1478 (503) | 50274 (69) | 7.4 (7.0, 7.7) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.3) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.3) | 4.4 (4.2, 4.7) |
| At any time during pregnancy, delivery, or within 42 days postpartum | 1707 (581) | 77123 (106) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.8) | 3.9 (3.7, 4.1) | 1.7 (1.6, 1.9) | 3.4 (3.3, 3.6) |
| At any time during pregnancy, delivery, or within 365 days postpartum | 1864 (634) | 92650 (127) | 5.0 (4.8, 5.2) | 3.5 (3.4, 3.7) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.8) | 3.1 (3.0, 3.3) |
| During pregnancy | 142 (48) | 13563 (19) | 2.6 (2.2, 3.1) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) |
| Post-discharge within 42 days postpartum | 176 (60) | 16417 (22) | 2.7 (2.3, 3.1) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.3) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) |
| Post-discharge within 365 days postpartum | 378 (129) | 33628 (46) | 2.8 (2.5, 3.1) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.8 (1.6, 1.9) |
a
Adjusted for: birth year, state, insurance, education, race/ethnicity, maternal age, and prenatal care adequacy.
b
Adjusted for: birth year, state, insurance, education, race/ethnicity, maternal age, prenatal care adequacy, and obstetric comorbidity index.
c
Adjusted for: birth year, state, insurance, education, race/ethnicity, maternal age, prenatal care adequacy, preexisting diabetes, preexisting hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension.