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. 2024 Feb 29;16:138. doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01328-1

Table 2.

Summary of recently described electrolytes for ZABs

Electrolyte composition (type) Electrode materials Specific capacity (mAh gzn−1) Power density Cyclic performance References
6 M KOH + 0.2 M zinc Acetate (alkaline) Zinc plate//Co–Co3O4@NAC@NF 721 @10 mA cm−2

164 mW cm−2

@0.63 V

 35 h@10 mA cm−2 [97]
6 M KOH + 0.2 M zinc Acetate (alkaline) Zinc foil//Co3O4−x@CP 800 @5 mA cm−2

122 mW cm−2

@230 mA cm−2

 150 h@5 mA cm−2 [98]

7 M KOH + 5–20% v/v

DMSO

(alkaline)

 Zinc granules//MnO2@NF 550 @10 mA cm−2

130 mW cm−2

@150 mA cm−2

600 cycles@discharge

@75 mA cm−2

 [99]
6 M KOH + 0.2 M ZnCl2 (alkaline) Zinc plate//Pt–SCFP@CC 781 @10 mA cm−2

122 mW cm−2

@214 mA cm−2

 80 h@5 mA cm−2 [100]

8 M KOH + 0–50% v/v

Ethanol (alkaline)

 Zinc granules//MnO2@NF 470 @25 mA cm−2

32 mW cm−2

@30 mA cm−2

 – [101]
6.0 M KOH + 0.2 M Zn(OAc)2 polyacrylamide/montmorillonite (PAM/MMT) (GPE) ZAB-Mn-SAC 631 30 mW cm−2

29 h@2.0

mA cm−2

 [102]
KOH + DMSO + poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/polyacrylamide (PAMPS/PAAm) (GPE) Organohydrogel electrolyte (OHE)-based ZAB 562 21.8 mW cm−2

45 h@2.0

mA cm−2

 [103]
Polyacrylic acid (PAA) + polyacrylamide (PAM) in glycerol (GPE) Zn anode// carbon cloth cathode containing Pt/C and RuO2 506.2 8.2 mW cm−2 10 h @ 1.0 mA cm−2 [104]
PAM-CNF/KOH/KI (GPE) cable-type ZAB 743 10 mW cm−2 45 h @ 2 mA cm−2 [105]
poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid potassium salt) (PAMPS-K) + methyl cellulose (MC) (GPE) Zinc plate // Co3O4 nanoparticle/CC 754.2 54.2 mW cm−2 24 h @ 1 mA cm−2 [106]

NAC N-doped active carbon, NF Nickel foam, CP Carbon paper, CC Carbon cloth, DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide