Table 3.
Hazard ratios for risk factors of stroke by women and men, including women-to-men ratio of hazard ratio
| Women | Men | Women-to-men | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | HR (95% CI, P value) | HR (95% CI, P value) | RHR (95% CI, P value) |
| Age | 1.10 (1.10–1.11, P < 0.001) | 1.09 (1.08–1.09, P < 0.001) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02, P = 0.002) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | — | — | — |
| All other ethnic groups combined | 0.82 (0.68–1.00, P = 0.047) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09, P = 0.463) | 0.87 (0.68–1.11, P = 0.259) |
| Townsend Deprivation Index | 1.04 (1.02–1.05, P < 0.001) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04, P < 0.001) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03, P = 0.199) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | — | — | — |
| Previous | 1.07 (0.99–1.16, P = 0.088) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16, P = 0.013) | 0.99 (0.89–1.09, P = 0.786) |
| Current | 1.84 (1.64–2.07, P < 0.001) | 1.66 (1.52–1.81, P < 0.001) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28, P = 0.166) |
| Hypertension | 1.37 (1.26–1.49, P < 0.001) | 1.38 (1.29–1.48, P < 0.001) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10, P = 0.896) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1.01 (1.01–1.01, P < 0.001) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01, P < 0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00, P = 0.472) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 1.00 (1.00–1.01, P = 0.220) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01, P = 0.126) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01, P = 0.964) |
| Diabetes | 1.16 (0.98–1.37, P = 0.088) | 1.30 (1.16–1.46, P < 0.001) | 0.89 (0.72–1.08, P = 0.241) |
| HbA1c | 1.02 (1.01–1.02, P < 0.001) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02, P < 0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01, P = 0.357) |
| BMI | 1.00 (0.99–1.01, P = 0.650) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00, P = 0.141) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02, P = 0.165) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 1.85 (0.77–4.43, P = 0.168) | 5.62 (2.82–11.17, P < 0.001) | 0.33 (0.11–1.00, P = 0.051) |
| Abdominal obesity | |||
| Normal | — | — | — |
| Abdominal obesity | 0.98 (0.87–1.10, P = 0.746) | 0.93 (0.84–1.02, P = 0.134) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23, P = 0.483) |
| High cholesterol | 1.09 (0.99–1.20, P = 0.087) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08, P = 0.991) | 1.09 (0.96–1.23, P = 0.176) |
| HDL cholesterol | 0.85 (0.64–1.13, P = 0.274) | 1.78 (1.36–2.35, P < 0.001) | 0.48 (0.32–0.71, P < 0.001) |
| LDL direct | 0.96 (0.91–1.00, P = 0.065) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07, P = 0.280) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00, P = 0.036) |
| Triglycerides | 1.00 (0.95–1.05, P = 0.970) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00, P = 0.068) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09, P = 0.346) |
| Apolipoprotein A | 0.89 (0.63–1.26, P = 0.508) | 0.35 (0.25–0.49, P < 0.001) | 2.55 (1.58–4.14, P < 0.001) |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RHR, ratio of hazard ratios.