Table 1.
A summary of protective effects of natural or synthesized compounds targeting PGC-1s-related pathway in a variety of diseases
| Compounds | Models | Pathway/Targets | Effects | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resveratrol | Contrast-induced nephropathy | SIRT1/PGC-1α/FOXO1 | Reduces oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis | 642 |
| Hyperoxia lung injury | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Upregulates citrate synthase and TFAM expression | 643 | |
| Diabetic cardiomyopathy | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction | 644,645 | |
| Myocardial IRI | SIRT1/SIRT3-Mfn2-Parkin-PGC-1α | Regulates the balance of mitochondria fission-fusion, autophagic flux, and mitochondrial biosynthesis | 646 | |
| HG-induced kidney injury | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Inhibits oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and ameliorates mitochondrial function | 647 | |
| HG-treated retinal | AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α | Inhibits ROS-induced apoptosis | 648 | |
| Hypoxia-treated OC cell | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Recovers SIRT1 and mtDNA expression and antagonizes CoCl2-induced VEGF production | 649 | |
| Neuronal cell injury | PGC-1α | Attenuates autophagy, the release of inflammatory cytokines and ROS generation, and enhances M2 microglial polarization and mitochondrial biogenesis | 690–692 | |
| Curcumin | Liver fibrogenesis | AMPK/PGC-1α | Inhibits collagenα1 and HSCs activation | 650 |
| Isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity | SIRT1/PGC-1α/NRF1 | Reduces necrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation | 651 | |
| Depression | PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF | Promotes neurocyte proliferation and suppresses neuronal apoptosis | 652 | |
| Tissue repair | PGC-1α/SIRT3/HIF-1α | Inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c release and apoptosis | 653 | |
| Cisplatin-induced kidney injury | PGC-1α | Improves mitochondria biogenesis and prevents renal fibrosis and apoptosis | 654 | |
| Berberine | DKD | PGC-1α | Counteracts lipid accumulation, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and deficient FAO | 517 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | C/EBPβ/PGC-1α | Regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism, and inhibits ROS production and apoptosis | 655 | |
| Diabetic neuropathy | PGC-1α | Attenuates mitochondrial deficits and redox imbalance | 656 | |
| Fatty liver | PGC-1α | Improves mitochondrial respiratory chain function and insulin signaling | 657 | |
| Metabolic disorders | AMPK/PGC-1α | Promotes the mitochondrial biogenesis and FAO, and prevents excessive lipid accumulation | 658 | |
| Aging | AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α | Ameliorates aging-related reductions in cognitive ability and muscular function | 659 | |
| Alzheimer’s disease | GSK3β/PGC-1α | Inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation | 660 | |
| Quercetin | Traumatic brain injury | PGC-1α | Inhibits neuronal apoptosis and ameliorates mitochondrial lesions | 661 |
| Hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory impairment | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Reduces hippocampus mitochondrial and synaptic lesions | 662 | |
| H2O2-induced neuronal damage | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Triggers mitochondrial biogenesis and reduces oxidative stress damage | 663 | |
| NaIO3-induced retinal damage | Nrf2/PGC-1α/SIRT1 | Reverses oxidative stress and ROS production | 664 | |
| Myocardial IRI | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis | 665 | |
| Aluminium-induced oxidative stress | PGC-1α | Inhibits oxidative stress and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis | 666 | |
| LPS-induced oxidative damage | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Upregulates the mitochondrial membrane potential, and reverse the mitochondrial morphology damage | 667 | |
| Alcoholic liver disease | PGC-1α | Downregulates redox status, lipid droplets, restores damaged mitochondrial membrane potential, and repairs mtDNA damage | 668 | |
| Vincristine-induced liver injury | Nrf2/HO-1, NF-kB/STAT3, SIRT1/PGC-1α | Attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy | 669 | |
| Astragaloside IV | Peritoneal fibrosis | PGC-1α | Enhances mitochondrial synthesis and reduces apoptosis | 670 |
| Metabolism disorder | AMPK/PGC-1α | Enhances energy metabolism and inhibits apoptosis | 671 | |
| Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy | NF-κB/PGC-1α | Regulates energy biosynthesis | 672 | |
| Baicalin | Depression | AMPK/PGC-1α | Improves mitophagy level and mitochondrial function | 673,674 |
| Insulin resistance | p38 MAPK/PGC-1α | Decreases body weight, HOMA-IR, and alleviates HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance | 675 | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | PGC-1α | Ameliorates angiogenesis | 676 | |
| Dihydromyricetin | Diet-induced obesity | IRF4/PGC-1α | Reduces body weight, decreases WAT mass, improves glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, and ameliorates hepatic steatosis | 677 |
| Gentamicin-induced ototoxicity | PGC-1α/SIRT3 | Protects cells from apoptotic death by inhibiting ROS accumulation | 678 | |
| Dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy | PGC-1α | Stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes mitochondrial fusion, rescues the reduced mtDNA content, improves mitochondrial morphology | 679 | |
| Type 2 diabetes | AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 | Activates insulin signaling and increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle | 680 | |
| Alcoholic liver disease | AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α | Increases TFAM expression, hepatic ATP concentrations, and induces mitochondrial expression of respiratory complex III and V | 681 | |
| Isoliquiritigenin | LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver failure | PGC-1α/Nrf2 | Improves the ability of anti-oxidative stress, alleviates inflammatory reaction and apoptosis | 205 |
| Alcoholic liver injury | miR-23a-3p/PGC-1α | Promotes fatty acid metabolism and inhibits the ROS | 682 | |
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | miR-138-5p/PGC-1α | Promotes lipid metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response | 683 | |
| Astragalus polysaccharide | Cardiac hypertrophy | TNF-α/PGC-1α | Improves the cardiac hemodynamics | 684 |
| Insulin resistance | SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα | Suppresses abnormal glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance | 685 | |
| Dexmedetomidine | Acute kidney injury | PGC-1α/STAT1/IRF-1 | Inhibits mitochondrial damage and inflammation | 502 |
| Traumatic brain injury | PGC-1α | Relieves encephala edema and neuron cell apoptosis and increases behavioral function | 686 | |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | PGC-1α | Increases GPX and SOD levels and reduces MDA and nitric oxide levels | 687 | |
| Doxorubicin-cardiotoxicity | PGC-1α | Attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis | 688 | |
| OGD/R | PPARδ-AMPK-PGC-1α | Enhances the cell viability and decreases ROS production | 689 | |
| Melatonin | OGD/R; Myocardial IRI | PGC‑1α/Nrf2; AMPK/PGC1α | Represses oxidative stress and inflammation | 694,695 |
| Cardiac hypertrophy | PGC-1α/MICU1 | Ameliorates ROS generation and promotes mitochondrial function | 696 | |
| Ischemia | PGC-1α | Promotes OXPHOS and angiogenic ability of MSCs | 697 | |
| Kidney injury | AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α | Relieves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis | 698 | |
| Diabetic myocardial IRI | PGC-1α | Improves mitochondrial quality control, alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy, and reduces myocardial vulnerability to IRI | 166,699,700 | |
| Chromium-induced lung injury | SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 | Reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators and inhibits cell apoptosis | 701 | |
| Rotenone-induced mitochondrial deficiency | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Abrogates mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP deficiency, oxidative stress, and apoptosis | 702 | |
| Cadmium-induced kidney injury | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Attenuates Drp1- and Fis1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial oxidative stress | 703 | |
| Bisphenol A-induced colon injury | SIRT1/PGC-1α | Restores the mitochondrial dynamic balance and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant axis | 704 | |
| Metformin | High-glucose environment | AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α | Promotes cell proliferation, enhance GSIS, and suppresses apoptosis | 707 |
| p53 cancer cells | SIRT1/ PGC-1α/Nrf2 | Increases the susceptibility of p53 cancer cells to oxidative stress and TRAIL-induced apoptosis | 610 |