Table 2. The categorized levels of serum 25(OH) D levels based on the influencing factors.
| Variables | Categories | Serum 25(OH) D Level | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Deficient ( 20 ng/mL) | Insufficient (21-29 ng/mL) | Sufficient (≥30 ng/mL) | |||
| Age | 0.928 | |||||
| ≤60 years old | 164 (85.9%) | 125 (65.4%) | 30 (15.7%) | 9 (4.7%) | ||
| >60 years old | 27 (14.1%) | 21 (11.0%) | 5 (2.6%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| ISARIC-4C score | 0.135 | |||||
| Low risk | 109 (57.07%) | 77 (40.3%) | 23 (12%) | 9 (4.7%) | ||
| Intermediate risk | 39 (20.42%) | 30 (15.7%) | 8 (4.2%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| High risk | 31 (16.23%) | 27 (14.1%) | 4 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Very high risk | 12 (6.28%) | 12 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Number of comorbidities | 0.03 | |||||
| 0 | 72 (37.70%) | 42 (24.1%) | 17 (8.9%) | 9 (4.7%) | ||
| 1 | 40 (20.90%) | 33 (17.3%) | 6 (3.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| 2 | 79 (41.40%) | 67 (35.1%) | 12 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Type of comorbidities | ||||||
| DM type II | No | 128 (67.0%) | 93 (48.7%) | 25 (13.1%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.051 |
| Yes | 63 (33.0%) | 53 (27.7%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Hypertension | No | 131 (68.6%) | 96 (50.3%) | 25 (13.1%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.072 |
| Yes | 60 (31.4%) | 50 (26.2%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | No | 174 (91.1%) | 133 (69.6%) | 31 (16.2%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.534 |
| Yes | 17 (8.9%) | 13 (6.8%) | 4 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Chronic liver disease | No | 185 (96.9%) | 140 (73.3%) | 35 (18.3%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.385 |
| Yes | 6 (3.1%) | 6 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | No | 172 (90.1%) | 128 (67.0%) | 34 (17.8%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.136 |
| Yes | 19 (9.9%) | 18 (9.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Malignancy | No | 172 (90.1%) | 128 (67.0%) | 34 (17.8%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.136 |
| Yes | 19 (9.9%) | 18 (9.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| COPD | No | 189 (99.0%) | 145 (75.9%) | 34 (17.8%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.497 |
| Yes | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0 %) | ||
| HIV | No | 190 (99.5%) | 145 (75.9%) | 35 (18.3%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.856 |
| Yes | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Autoimmune diseases | No | 181 (94.8%) | 139 (72.8%) | 32 (16.8%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.498 |
| Yes | 10 (5.2%) | 7 (3.7%) | 3 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| BMI | 0.435 | |||||
| Underweight | 103 (53.93%) | 84 (44%) | 13 (6.8%) | 6 (3.1%) | ||
| Normoweight | 8 (4.19%) | 6 (3.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Overweight | 34 (17.80%) | 25 (13.1%) | 8 (4.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| Obesity grade I | 46 (24.08%) | 31 (16.2%) | 12 (6.3%) | 3 (1.6%) | ||
| Mortality | 0.097 | |||||
| No | 177 (92.7%) | 132 (69.1%) | 35 (18.3%) | 10 (5.2%) | ||
| Yes | 14 (7.3%) | 14 (7.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| COVID-19 severity | 0.002 | |||||
| Mild | 93 (48.69%) | 62 (32.5%) | 21 (11.0%) | 10 (5.2%) | ||
| Moderate | 67 (35.07%) | 55 (28.8%) | 12 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Severe | 31 (16.24%) | 29 (15.2%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Vaccine doses | 0.339 | |||||
| 0 | 60 (31.4%) | 52 (27.7%) | 7 (3.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| 1 | 2 (1.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| 2 | 128 (67.0%) | 91 (47.6%) | 28 (14.7%) | 9 (4.7%) | ||
| 3 | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| HFNC or ventilator use | 0.032 | |||||
| No | 171 (89.53%) | 126 (66%) | 35 (18.3%) | 10 (5.2%) | ||
| Yes | 20 (10.50%) | 20 (10.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Total | 191 (100%) | 146 (76.4%) | 35 (18.4%) | 10 (5.2) | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HFNC, High-flow nasal canule; DM type II, diabetes mellitus type II; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bold value denotes statistical significance.