Table 2. Details of review articles examining the effect of yoga on male sexual functioning.

ED: erectile dysfunction; ART: assisted reproductive technology.

Author, year, & title	Background	Method	Main findings
Author: Rakshith et al. (2017) [19]. Title: Yogic intervention in sexual dysfunction - a review	This review explores the mechanisms and benefits of standing, seated, supine, and inversion yoga poses, alongside Mudra and Bandha practices, emphasizing their diverse therapeutic advantages for sexual dysfunction.	Reviewed literature on original articles and review articles by utilizing a qualitative review style.	Seated supine and inversion yoga poses stimulate hormones, improve blood circulation, and strengthen reproductive organs, while also reducing stress, anxiety, and fatigue. Mudras can help balance testosterone levels, encourage sperm count, and control premature ejaculation. Moola Bandha helps increase awareness of genital arousal sensations.
Author: Joshi et al. (2020) [20]. Title: Role of yoga in the management of premature ejaculation, male sexual health and dysfunction	This review explores the role of yoga in managing premature ejaculation, analysing the mechanics of various yoga components, including asanas, cleansing techniques, breathing exercises, mudra, and bandha.	Reviewed literature on original articles and review articles by using a qualitative review style.	Seated poses improve pelvic health, tone reproductive organs, and enhance the urinary system, leading to better arousal and orgasm control. Pranayama reduces blood pressure and enhances cerebral blood flow and oxygenation.
Author: Sengupta et al. (2013) [21]. Title: Male reproductive health and yoga	This review examines how yoga practices positively impact reproductive health, focusing on mechanisms that may prevent infertility. It provides essential insights into the beneficial effects of yoga on fertility.	Reviewed non-empirical and empirical pieces of literature.	Regular yoga practice can reduce stress and anxiety levels, improve sex life, and help treat mild ED issues. Yoga asanas are recommended at various life stages to enhance strength, blood flow, and sexual desire and alleviate stress, depression, and performance anxiety. Yoga can be beneficial in the prevention of infertility and improve male reproductive health.
Author: Brotto et al. (2009) [22]. Title: Yoga and sexual functioning: a review	This review examines the literature on yoga philosophy and its various forms, evaluating nonempirical and limited empirical links between yoga and improved sexual function. It proposes future research paths, emphasizing yoga as a potential treatment for sexual complaints.	Reviewed non-empirical and empirical pieces of literature.	Yoga strengthens and tones the urogenital area and strengthens pelvic floor muscles, which results in increased blood flow in the genitals. Moola Bandha shows promising results in the treatment of sexual disorders. Pranayama and meditation enable relaxation and lower stress and performance anxiety. Kundalini yoga has great potential in the treatment of sexual problems with its focus on sexual energy.
Author: Kochhar et al. (2017) [23]. Title: The role of traditional diet and yoga for infertility: a blend and balance of traditional knowledge and modern medicine	This review explores yoga's potential in promoting reproductive health and treating infertility. By analysing the benefits of yoga practices, it highlights their efficacy in improving sexual function and overall well-being.	Reviewed literature on on-empirical theories.	Yoga can help regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, balance hormone levels, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve overall quality of life. Additionally, it helps in treating mild ED. Incorporating yoga into a fitness routine can positively impact fertility by enhancing hormone levels and blood circulation to the reproductive system. This can help improve sexual stamina and increase chances of conceiving. The study provides insights into yoga's use as a complementary therapy for reproductive health issues by examining relevant literature.
Author: Darbandi et al. (2018) [24]. Title: Yoga can improve assisted reproduction technology outcomes in couples with infertility	The study investigated the effects of yoga, including asanas (yoga poses), pranayama (proper breathing), Shavasana, and meditation, on male and female fertility as well as ART outcomes.	Reviewed literature on non-randomized or uncontrolled trials.	Yoga practices can improve sperm count, motility, and prostate secretion in men. Additionally, yoga has been found to enhance immune system disorders, varicocele, and intravaginal ejaculation time while reducing sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, Moola Bandha, a specific yoga practice, has been shown to help with spermatorrhea, prevent inguinal hernia, and regulate testosterone secretion. It may also increase genital arousal sensations and potentially help with premature ejaculation.
Author: Shobitha et al. (2016) [25]. Title: Impact of yoga on mind-body management and its possible scientific mechanisms	This article examines the scientific basis of yoga and its positive impact on health. It provides a holistic view of the health benefits by discussing how yoga influences various body systems.	Reviewed original articles and review articles by utilizing a qualitative review style.	Regular yoga practices improve sperm count and motility in men. It also improves overall sexual function and helps to treat mild ED. Yoga improves reproductive health by reducing stress and anxiety and improving autonomic functions by suppressing sympathetic activity and promoting parasympathetic activity.