Table 2. Primary and Ad Hoc Outcomes by Condition.
| Outcome | Intervention condition, unadjusted mean (SD)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrapersonal behavior change strategies (n = 76) | Interpersonal behavior change strategies (n – 78) | Intrapersonal and interpersonal behavior change strategies (n = 77) | Attention control information about health and age (n = 78) | |
| Daily total PA, minb | ||||
| Baseline | 185.9 (70.5) | 167.7 (79.1) | 177.9 (72.7) | 177.9 (62.2) |
| Time after the intervention | ||||
| 1 wk | 181.0 (68.2) | 193.1 (82.1) | 209.1 (79.3) | 180.5 (68.5) |
| 6 mo | 175.1 (68.9) | 186.7 (84.0) | 198.0 (78.0) | 180.0 (73.8) |
| 12 mo | 167.7 (68.6) | 190.3 (99.1) | 192.9 (80.4) | 174.3 (72.0) |
| Daily step countb | ||||
| Baseline | 4387.6 (2295.2) | 4012.0 (2437.2) | 4314.8 (2430.1) | 4197.5 (1890.7) |
| Time after the intervention | ||||
| 1 wk | 4171.5 (1993.0) | 4991.2 (2845.7) | 5465.1 (2726.8) | 4263.3 (2012.0) |
| 6 mo | 4053.1 (2058.7) | 4683.7 (2940.5) | 5087.4 (2959.0) | 4206.6 (2184.1) |
| 12 mo | 3774.0 (2188.8) | 4736.0 (3357.2) | 4854.9 (2671.2) | 4056.8 (2244.2) |
| Daily MVPA, minb | ||||
| Baseline | 23.2 (24.1) | 21.7 (41.1) | 20.9 (24.9) | 19.4 (24.2) |
| Time after the intervention | ||||
| 1 wk | 22.1 (28.6) | 30.8 (35.3) | 31.5 (33.2) | 20.9 (26.1) |
| 6 mo | 19.7 (19.6) | 29.1 (37.1) | 29.8 (28.6) | 23.1 (26.0) |
| 12 mo | 21.1 (25.9) | 38.5 (52.4) | 30.3 (30.6) | 23.3 (26.4) |
| Self-reported PAc | ||||
| Baseline | 110.6 (44.0) | 108.3 (66.6) | 101.8 (48.5) | 102.2 (46.4) |
| Time after the intervention | ||||
| 1 wk | 120.7 (56.2) | 119.2 (69.9) | 121.1 (58.7) | 111.1 (47.3) |
| 6 mo | 119.5 (65.8) | 118.2 (65.1) | 112.2 (60.1) | 106.7 (53.0) |
| 12 mo | 123.0 (92.3) | 113.8 (66.8) | 112.4 (60.9) | 107.1 (60.0) |
Abbreviation: MVPA, moderate and vigorously intense physical activity (PA; aerobic movement fast and strenuous enough to burn off 3 to 6 times as much energy per minute than when sitting quietly and vigorous aerobic movement fast and strenuous enough to burn off ≥6 times as much energy per minute than when sitting quietly).
All intervention conditions included the Otago Exercise Program and a wearable physical activity monitor as core intervention components.
Measured using an accelerometer within participants’ commercially available, wearable PA monitor. All daily unadjusted means were an estimated time point, based on 7 to 10 days of data.
Measured using the self-reported PA Scale for the Elderly, in which scores range from 0 to more than 400, with higher scores indicating greater PA.47