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. 2024 Feb 15;8:e52576. doi: 10.2196/52576

Table 4.

Differences in anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements at baseline and after 12 weeks for the full analysis set (n=38).


Baseline Week 12 Change from baseline to week 12 P value
Anthropometry

Weight (kg), mean (SD) 110.0 (18.5) 106.5 (18.4) 3.5 (3.7) <.001a

Relative percentage weight changeb, mean (SD) N/Ac N/A 3.2 (3.4) N/A

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) 37.6 (5.8) 36.4 (5.8) 1.2 (1.3) <.001a

Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) 123.8 (12.2) 119.9 (12.2) 4.0 (5.1) <.001a

Hip circumference (cm), mean (SD) 125.1 (14.0) 123.2 (13.3) 1.8 (0.0 to 4.9) .01d

Waist to hip ratio, median (IQR) 1.00 (0.95 to 1.03) 0.99 (0.92 to 1.03) 0.00 (–0.01 to 0.03) .09d
Liver assessment

Liver fat MRI-PDFFe (%), mean (SD) 12.3 (7.1) 10.1 (6.5) 2.2 (2.9) <.001a

Liver fat MRI-PDFF relative changeb (%), mean (SD) N/A N/A 19.4 (23.9) N/A

Liver stiffness measure (kPa), median (IQR) 6.4 (5.2 to 9.6) 6.6 (5.3 to 8.4) 0.2 (–0.3 to 1.6) .11d

CAPf score (dB/m), mean (SD) 343.6 (34.8) 310.3 (47.2) 33.3 (39.7) <.001a
Body compositiong

Total body region fat (%), median (IQR) 46.6 (39.4 to 52.4) 44.3 (37.8 to 52.2) 0.9 (1.4)b <.001a

Fat mass (kg), mean (SD) 50.3 (13.8) 48.1 (14.5) 2.2 (2.7) <.001a

Lean mass (kg), mean (SD) 56.3 (10.1) 55.6 (9.7) 0.7 (1.7) .008
Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

Systolic 141.4 (17.1) 135.4 (17.3) 6.0 (13.5) 0.009a

Diastolic 83.6 (7.4) 82.5 (7.4) 1.2 (7.7) .36a
Biochemical measures

HbA1ch (mmol/mol), median (IQR) 60.0 (56.0 to 66.8) 60.0 (54.3 to 64.0) 0.5 (–0.7 to 3.8) .03d

S-glucosei (mmol/L), median (IQR) 6.2 (5.3 to 7.4) 6.3 (5.4 to 6.9) 0.0 (–0.3 to 0.4) .64d

S-insulinj (µU/ml), median (IQR) 21.1 (16.4 to 27.9) 19.0 (13.0 to 25.0) 3.2 (0.0 to 5.4) .003d

HOMA-IRk (mmol/L), median (IQR) 5.8 (4.3 to 8.4) 4.8 (3.6 to 7.2) 0.4 (–0.2 to 2.1) .02d

Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) 4.9 (1.3) 4.8 (1.2) 0.0 (–0.2 to 0.2) >.99d

LDL-Cl (mmol/L), mean (SD) 2.9 (1.1) 2.9 (1.1) –0.1 (–0.3 to 0.1) .18d

HDL-Cm (mmol/L), mean (SD) 1.11 (0.23) 1.12 (0.19) –0.01 (0.12) .56a

Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR) 1.88 (1.35 to 2.45) 1.68 (1.21 to 1.90) 0.14 (0.00 to 0.47) .003d

hs-CRPn (mg/L), median (IQR) 3.0 (1.2 to 5.2) 2.5 (1.1 to 3.9) 0.1 (–0.1 to 0.7) .14d

ALATo (IU/L), median (IQR) 21.4 (18.2 to 30.2) 23.2 (18.4 to 32.0) 0.0 (–6.8 to 2.8) .37d

ASATp (IU/L), median (IQR) 20.8 (17.9 to 24.8) 22.3 (18.0 to 25.5) 0.4 (–2.5 to 2.5) .53d

FIB-4q Index, median (IQR) 1.08 (0.78 to 1.34) 1.08 (0.75 to 1.21) 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.07) .58d

aAnalyzed with a paired t test.

bPercentage change calculated as the average over individual relative changes.

cN/A: not applicable.

dAnalyzed with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

eMRI-PDFF: magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction.

fCAP: controlled attenuation parameter.

gMeasured by dual-energy ray absorptiometry.

hHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c.

is-glucose: Serum glucose.

js-insulin: Serum insulin.

kHOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.

lLDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

mHDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

nhs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

oALAT: alanine aminotransferase.

pASAT: aspartate aminotransferase.

qFIB-4: index for liver fibrosis.