Chemical |
C, N analyses |
C/N ratio in solid and water
extract |
Cation exchange capacity |
CEC, CEC/total organic-C ratio, etc. |
Water-soluble
extract |
pH, EC, organic-C, ions, etc. |
Mineral nitrogen |
NH4-N content, NH4-N/NO3-N ratio |
Pollutants |
Heavy metals and organics |
Organic matter quality,
humification |
Lignin, complex carbohydrates, lipids,
sugars, etc. make up
the organic composition |
Elemental and functional
group investigations, molecular weight
distribution, the E4/E6 ratio, pyrolysis GC-MS, NMR, FTIR, fluorescence,
and other methods define humification indices and humic-like substances |
Biological |
Microbial activity indicators |
O2 uptake/consumption, CO2 production, self-heating test, and biodegradable components |
Enzyme activity (phosphatases, dehydrogenases, proteases,
etc.) |
ATP content |
Nitrogen mineralization–immobilization potential, nitrification,
etc. |
Microbial biomass |
Phytotoxicity |
Germination
and plant growth tests |
Others: Viable weed
seed, pathogen, and ecotoxicity tests |