Table 1.
Essential oils and their used as food.
| Essential oil | Food use type | Type of study / cell line model (in vitro), mouse model, in vivo | Study name | Relevant results | Major active compound | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cinnamon | This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of cinnamon (CO), rosemary (RO) and a mixture (MO) of these plants oil on egg production, feed intake, feed conversion rate, external and internal egg quality, blood serum mineral contents and hatchability traits in different sex. | in vivo | Effects of cinnamon and rosemary oils on egg production, egg quality, hatchability traits and blood serum mineral contents in laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). | The addition of cinnamon oil to the diets significantly reduced Feed conversion ratio (FCR). | Cinnamaldehyde (88.2%) | (8) |
| 2 | Coriander | Essential Oil for Its Application in Foods | in vitro | Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil for its application in foods | The major volatile compounds of the coriander essential oil in the present study were β-linalool 66.07%. Coriander essential oil radical scavenging activity was 51.05% inhibited. Coriander essential oil expressed the strongest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis followed by S. maltophilia and Penicillium expansum. The strongest antibiofilm activity of the coriander essential oil was found against S. maltophilia. | β-linalool 66,07%, alcanfor 8,34%, acetato de geranilo 6,91% y cimeno 6,35% | (9) |
| 3 | Coriander | Inclusion of coriander oil in tilapia feed to improve the health of tilapia and its resistance to bacterial infections | in vivo | Dietary coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) oil improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, innate immune responses, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | Coriander oil with 1% incorporation in feed improves tilapia health and resistance to bacterial infection. | Inalool and geranyl acetate | (10) |
| 4 | Cumin | Cumin volatile oils suppressed the activation of neutrophils and might show therapeutic potential for the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory diseases. | In vitro | Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Volatile Oils: Fennel and Cumin Inhibit Neutrophilic Inflammation via Regulating Calcium and MAPKs | Suppressed the activation of human neutrophils, including respiratory burst and the degranulation induced by formyl peptide receptor agonists fMLF/CB and MMK1 in the human neutrophils (IC50, 3.8–17.2 μg/mL). | Cumin volatile oil (CUMIN) revealed high content of cuminaldehyde (49.9%) | (11) |
| 5 | Cumin | The supplementation with cuminum essential oils decreased diastolic blood pressure (BDP) in patients with metabolic syndrome | Randomized and controlled clinical trial | Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil supplementation on metabolic syndrome components: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial | 56 patients with MetS aged 18–60 years received either 75 mg CuEO or placebo soft gel thrice daily for 8 weeks. DBP was significantly lower in CuEO compared with the placebo group at the end of study (81.41 ± 5.88 vs. 84.09 ± 5.54 mmHg, MD with 95% CI: −3.98 [−7.60, −0.35] mmHg, p < 0.05). | Not mentioned | (12) |
| 6 | Parsley | Parsley presented the best antioxidant profile | In vitro | Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Organic Fennel, Parsley, and Lavender from Spain | Parsley had the highest phenolic content. Overall, parsley presented the best antioxidant profile, given its highest % of inhibition of DPPH radical (64.28%) and FRAP (0.93 mmol/L Trolox), but had a pro-oxidative behavior by TBARS. | Myristicin (36.15%), apiole (20.97%), α-pinene (15.47%), and β-pinene (10.43%). | (13) |