Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Participants:
Adults aged 55 and older.	Adults aged 55 and older living in institutions.
Intervention:
The intervention is based in a community.	The intervention is not based on a community.
The intervention is developed by or with the community.	The intervention is developed by researchers only.
The intervention consists of physical, social, and digital elements.	The intervention misses physical, social, or digital elements.
Comparison: N/A	N/A
Outcome:
Focus on the development or evaluation of an intervention addressing active ageing.	The intervention was developed for other purposes.
Others:
Original research published in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings.	Papers based on secondary data (e.g., reviews) or published in abstracts, posters, books or magazines (i.e., wrong format).
Full-text available.	Full text that is not retrievable.
Written in English.	Papers that use languages other than English.
Published from 19 May 2017 to 19 May 2023.	Journals that are not accessible online.