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. 2024 Mar 1;24:155. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04822-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic illustration for the ‘Kaohsiung 11’ x ‘Hualien 1’ crossing population and bulking. There were 20 F₁ plants to generate 249 F₂ plants. The F₂ genotypes (RR, Rr, or rr) were determined based on the powdery mildew (PM) infection rate on F_2:3 plants. Homozygous RR or rr would be bulked into R bulks and S bulks if the observed F_2:3 lines were over 10 and 6 individuals, respectively. There were three R bulks and three S bulks as biological replicates, and each bulk contained ten F₂ lineages. In other words, a total of 60 resistant F₂ leaf RNA was compared to 60 susceptible F₂ leaf RNA in the bulk segregant analysis