Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and a comparison between patients with and without dyslipidemia
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 171) n (%) |
TB with Dyslipidemia (n = 120), n (%) |
TB without Dyslipidemia (n = 51), n (%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DR-TB treatment site | < 0.001 | |||
| Mulago National Referral Hospital | 61 (35.7) | 31 (25.8) | 30 (58.8) | |
| Lira Regional Referral Hospital | 68 (39.8) | 55 (45.8) | 13 (25.5) | |
| Mbale Regional Referral Hospital | 25 (14.6) | 23 (19.2) | 02 (3.9) | |
| Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital | 17 (9.9) | 11 (9.2) | 06 (11.8) | |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 37.0 (31.0, 46.0) | 37.0 (30.0, 46.5) | 38.5 (32.0, 46.0) | 0.519 |
| Males | 126 (73.7) | 86 (71.7) | 40 (78.4) | 0.358 |
| Rural residence | 104 (60.8) | 78 (65.0) | 26 (51.0) | 0.086 |
| High BMI | 14 (8.6) | 07 (14.6) | 07 (6.1) | 0.081 |
| Central Obesity | 69 (40.4) | 44 (36.7) | 25 (49.0) | 0.132 |
| Positive HIV status | 118 (69.0) | 80 (66.7) | 38 (74.5) | 0.310 |
| Any history of alcohol use | 75 (43.1) | 55 (45.6) | 20 (39.2) | 0.425 |
| Any history of smoking | 60 (35.1) | 41 (34.2) | 19 (37.3) | 0.699 |
| Duration of current TB treatment, median (IQR), months | 6.0 (5.0, 6.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 6.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 6.0) | 0.533 |
| Antiretroviral therapy drugs (among people with HIV), n = 73 | ||||
| Tenofovir | 72 (96.0) | 53 (98.1) | 19 (100.0) | 0.550 |
| Lamivudine | 72 (96.0) | 53 (98.1) | 19 (100.0) | 0.550 |
| Dolutegravir | 61 (83.6) | 47 (87.1) | 14 (73.7) | 0.177 |
| Emitricitabine | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.85) | 0 (0.0) | 0.550 |
| Abacavir | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.85) | 0 (0.0) | 0.550 |
| Atazanavir/Ritonavir | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.85) | 0 (0.0) | 0.550 |
| Efavirenz | 11 (15.1) | 6 (11.1) | 5 (26.3) | 0.111 |
| Hemoglobin level, mean (SD), grams per deciliter | 14.2 (2.9) | 13.8 (2.9) | 14.95 (2.7) | 0.017 |
| Blood lipids, median (IQR) | ||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.36 (2.7, 4.3) | 3.2 (2.6, 5.2) | 3.43 (3.1, 4.0) | 0.516 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), mmol/l | 1.25 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.7) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.20 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.3(0.9, 02) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.006 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), mmol/l | 1.67 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.4) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.245 |
| LDL-c/HDL-c | 1.42 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.4) | < 0.001 |
| Biomarkers of inflammation, median (IQR) | ||||
| Leucocyte count (X10 3 cells/microliter) | 5.71 (4.2, 8.9) | 5.1 (4.0, 7.1) | 7.7 (4.8, 13.7) | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophil count (X10 3 cells/microliter) | 3.42 (1.9, 7.8) | 2.6 (1.7, 6.2) | 6.6 (2.4, 11.4) | 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count (X10 3 cells/microliter) | 1.24 (0.3, 1.7) | 1.4 (0.5, 1.9) | 0.7 (0.1, 1.5) | 0.008 |
| Monocyte count (X10 3 cells/microliter) | 0.30 (0.04, 0.6) | 0.4 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count (X10 9 /litre) | 141.5 (81.0, 207.0) | 161 (82.5, 219.0) | 123.0 (59.0,162.0) | 0.014 |
| Mean corpuscular volume (femtolitres) | 98.4 (87.8, 106.8) | 94.3 (85.3, 104.3) | 105.6 (92.4, 115.9) | < 0.001 |
| NLR | 13.1 (1.2, 49.9) | 2.0 (1.1, 25.2) | 15.7 (2.1, 82.2) | 0.008 |
| PLR | 134.9 (75.8, 270.7) | 130.4 (79.0, 208.6) | 161.4 (63.0, 1050) | 0.506 |
| LMR | 3.8 (2.3, 6.5) | 3.6 (2.3, 5.0) | 5.6 (3.0, 11.5) | 0.006 |
| RDW (%) | 18.3 (14.9, 22.2) | 17.3 (12.0, 21.6) | 19.6 (17.9, 23.3) | 0.050 |
| SII | 334.9 (170.5, 4548.0) | 296.9 (161.4, 2033.1) | 1960.8 (196.4, 8369.2) | 0.049 |
BMI– Body mass index, NLR – neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, PLR – platelet/lymphocyte ratio, LMR – lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, RDW – red cell distribution width, SII - systemic immune inflammation index (neutrophil × platelet/lymphocyte), DR-TB – drug resistant tuberculosis, XDR-TB – extensively drug resistant TB. Bolded p-values indicate statistically significant results