Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable log-binomial regression for the association between body mass index and new-onset of heart failure among Thai patients with hypertension

Variables	Total	New-onset HF	Univariable		Multivariable Model I*		Multivariable Model II**
	N	n (%)	cRR (95% CI)	p-value	aRR (95% CI)	p-value	aRR (95% CI)	p-value
Body mass index (BMI)
Continuous (linear)	35,756	75 (0.21)	1.06 (1.01–1.10)	0.013	1.10 (1.06–1.15)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.05–1.14)	< 0.001
Continuous (quadratic)	35,756	75 (0.21)	1.001 (1.001–1.002)	0.001	1.001 (1.001–1.002)	< 0.001	1.001 (1.001–1.002)	< 0.001
BMI category, kg/m2
< 18.50	2,248	6 (0.27)	1.54 (0.61–3.90)	0.364	1.10 (0.43–2.82)	0.833	0.98 (0.36–2.69)	0.969
18.50–22.99	9,798	17 (0.17)	Ref		Ref		Ref
23.00–24.99	6,855	11 (0.16)	0.92 (0.43–1.97)	0.840	1.13 (0.53–2.42)	0.751	1.11 (0.50–2.47)	0.787
25.00–29.99	12,035	21 (0.17)	1.01 (0.53–1.91)	0.986	1.46 (0.76–2.80)	0.262	1.57 (0.80–3.07)	0.186
≥ 30.00	4,820	20 (0.41)	2.39 (1.25–4.56)	0.008	4.21 (2.13–8.32)	< 0.001	3.97 (1.95–8.10)	< 0.001
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
No	18,901	34 (0.18)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Yes	16,855	41 (0.24)	1.35 (0.86–2.13)	0.193	1.96 (1.21–3.17)	0.006	2.05 (1.24–3.39)	0.005
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
No	30,936	55 (0.18)	Ref.		Ref.
Yes	4,820	20 (0.41)	2.33 (1.40–3.89)	0.001	3.49 (2.04–5.96)	< 0.001	3.19 (1.83–5.57)	< 0.001

BMI body mass index, cRR crude risk ratio, aRR adjusted risk ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval

^*Model I: Adjusting for age and sex

^**Model II: Adjusting for age, sex, health schemes, geographic regions, location of outpatient clinic, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, renal insufficiency, history of ischemic heart disease, smoking status, alcohol use, control blood pressure consecutively two latest visits, and ACEI/ARB use