Table 11.
Black cumin seeds as substitute for fishmeal in diet of different fish species.
| Fish species | Black Seed forms | Tested Inclusion levels | Duration | Optimum inclusion Level |
Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) | Black cumin powder against Burkholderia cepacia | 30 g/kg of NS-incorporated diet | 45 days | _ | Protective effects on immune response, antioxidant capacity, hepato-renal function, modulation of gene expression, antibacterial activity against Burkholderia cepacia | [121] |
| Tilapia (O. niloticus) | Black cumin flour against Aeromonas hydrophila | 0, 20, 35, 50 and 65 g/Kg | 90 days | 50 g/kg | Boosted the immune system | [122] |
| Mirror carp (C. carpio var. specularis) | Black cumin seed cake (BCSC) | SBM replaced by 0%, 25% & 50% of BCSC | 63 days | < 25% | ↑BCSC level = ↓Growth & feed intake No significant impact on serum total protein, globulin, ALT, AST & glucose ↓ Cholesterol & triglyceride at > 25% No significant impact on palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, SFA, MUFA & PUFA of muscle |
[207] |
| Common carp (C. carpio) | Black Seed | Control, 0.25, 0.5 & 1% | 60 days | _ | Black seed remove negative effects of glyphosate exposure Stable levels of biochemical serum parameters & cholesterol, higher levels of immune defences & antioxidant enzymes, lower lipid peroxidation, metabolic enzymes & cortisol levels than control fish |
[208] |
| Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) | Black seed meal (BSM) | 0, 25, 50, 75 & 100% of BSM alternative to SBM | 60 days | 50% | ↓Growth performance & feed utilization above 50% No impact on carcass crude protein ↑Ash content = ↑ BSM Feed costs decrease upto 50% |
[209] |
| Rainbow trout (O. mykiss) | Methanolic extract of black cumin | 0, 0.1 & 0.5 g/kg | 30 days | _ | Stimulate some innate humoral immune responses, but ineffective for cytokine-related gene trancriptions, ↓FCR, ↑Respiratory burst activity | [210] |
| Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss, Walbaum) | Black Cumin Seed Powder | 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 & 20 g/kg | 60 days | _ | Positive differences in plasma protein, MCH, MCHC, RDW_SD, PLT and MPV at all levels | [211] |
| African catfish (C. gariepinus) | Black seed | Control, 4-nonylphenol (NP)-treated, 1, 2.5 & 5% black seed treated groups | 21 days | _ | Black seed with 4-NP significantly decrease nephrotoxic effect of 4-NP & sustain normal kidney function & structure | [212] |
Abbreviations: SBM: Soybean meal, ALT = Alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, SFA=Saturated fatty acids, MUFA = Monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA= Polyunsaturated fatty acids, FCR= Feed conversion ratio, MCH = Mean cell hemoglobin, MCHC = Mean cell hemoglobin concentration, RDW-SD= Red cell distribution width, PLT= Platelet, MPV = Mean platelet volume.